Methanol is synthesized from carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a catalytic reactor. The fresh feed to the process contains 32.0 mole % CO, 64.0% H, and 4.0% N2. This stream is mixed with a reeycle stream in a ratio 5 mol recycle/l mol fresh feed to produce the feed to the reactor, which contains 13.0 mole% N2. A low single-pass conversion is attained in the reactor. The reactor effluent goes to a condenser from which two streams emerge: a liquid product stream containing all the methanol formed in the reactor, and a gas stream containing all the CO, H2, and N2 leaving the reactor. The gas stream is split into two fractions: one is purged from the process, and the other is the recycle stream that combines with the fresh feed to the reactor. For a methanol production rate of 100 kmol/hr, Calculate the molar flow rate and composition of the purge gas, and the overall and single-pass CO conversion. -Explain why we include recycling and purging streams in these processes. Fresh Feed stream n, (mol h) n (mol CH OHh reactor cond. 32 mol CO 64 mol H,/h 4 mol Nh 13 mol N, mol X, (mel N me) K, (mol CO/ mol) 1, (mol H,/h) (mol /h) K, mol N, imol) x (mol CO/ mol) 1-, tmol H,/hj) Purge

2. 100 mol/h of gaseous ethane is burned with excess air. The fuel is mixed with air before entering the furnace; fuel-air mixture is fed to the furnace at 25oC and 1 atm. All the ethane is consumed in the combustion reaction that occurs in the furnace. A cooling water jacket surrounding the furnace removes all of the heat generated by the combustion reaction. The stack gas leaves the furnace at 25oC and 1 atm and contains 5.32 mole% CO2, 1.60% CO, 7.32% O2 and the balance H2O and N2.a. Use Hess’s Law and the Heat of Combustion to calculate ∆??o (kJ/mol) for complete and incomplete combustion of ethane. b. Calculate the molar percentage of ethane in the fuel gas and the percentage excess air fed to the reactor.c. Calculate rate of heat transferred to the cooling water jacket in kW.

#3 The first step in the reaction sequence for the production of nitric acid via the oxidation of ammonia is: 4NH3 + 502 2 4NO + 6H2O 75% conversion is achieved with an equimolar mixture of ammonia and oxygen fed at the rate of 100 mol/h. Determine the outlet compositions. (Hint: determine the limiting reactant).

Fresh methanol (CH3OH) reactant is combined with recycled reactant and vaporized before being sent to a fixed-bed reactor. The reactor effluent is then cooled before being sent to the first of two distillation columns. DME (CH3)2O product is taken overhead from the first column. The second column separates the water from the unused methanol. The methanol is recycled back to the front end of the process, and the water is sent to wastewater treatment to remove trace amounts of organic compounds. Draw a block flow diagram for this process. The main reaction is 2CH3OH → (CH3)2O + H2O