Metabolic pathways frequently contain reactions with positive standard free-energy values, yet the reactions still take place. How is this possible?

Q: From this enzymatic equation, a) identify each reaction as endergonic or exergonic, and b) briefly…

A: Spontaneous reaction favors the formation of products when two conditions, a decrease in enthalpy…

Q: c) If you were to completely catabolize 3 molecules of glucose under aerobic conditions, what would…

A: Complete catabolism of Glucose includes Glycolysis, TCA cycle and ETC. Glycolysis of single molecule…

Q: which staments are false

A: Note: Due to the length of the question and the fact that it combines numerous concepts and…

Q: Enzymes are biological catalysts that fulfill the following general reaction mechanism: E+S [ES]…

A: Enzymes are the basically proteinaceous substances whose main role is to accerate rate of chemical…

Q: What is the standard free-energy change, ∆G°, under physiological conditions(E. coli grows in the…

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. The free energy released in…

Q: Is there a difference between the initial and the final energy levels in catalyzed and non-catalyzed…

A: Catalyzed reactions are usually used to accelerate the rate of a chemical reaction by the action of…

Q: The oxidation of 1 mol of glucose supplies enough metabolic energy to form 36 mol of ATP. Oxidation…

A: Let's see molar mass of glucose (C6H12O6) and tristearin (C57H116O6): Molar mass of C6H12O6 =…

Q: In a major metabolic pathway involving the monosaccharide glucose, one of the reactions involve the…

A: The given reaction is a part of the glycolysis pathway. During glycolysis, glucose is first…

Q: Why does metabolism not grind to a halt when an endergonic reaction occurs within a pathway?

A: The biological process that involves the conversion of absorbed food nutrients to energy by the…

Q: Why is the overall coupled reaction exergonic?

A: The coupled reaction like a redox reaction which is coupled or combined.

Q: The phosphorylation of glucose is an unfavorable reaction, with ΔG°’ = 13.8 kJ/mol. We can couple…

A: For (a) part of the question, We know that the phosphorylation of glucose is the first step of…

Q: Consider the reaction: H H₂C-(CH₂)C=C—C—SCOA H ➤ H3C- 13C-(CH₂) What kind of reaction is being…

A: The given structure is a fatty acyl Coenzyme A. Fatty acids are charged with acetyl CoA which are…

Q: How many ATP’s are formed in the process phosphoglyceraldehyde also known as PGAL?

A: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is often abbreviated as PGAL, GAP etc. It is an intermediate of the…

Q: Draw one example of an interaction the enzyme could provide that would stabilize this transition…

A: Enzyme catalyzed reaction proceeds through transition state(s). A transition state is a very short…

Q: What Underlying Principle Relates ATP Couplingto the Thermodynamics of Metabolism?

A: The cellular processes occur via stepwise chemical reactions in which these reactions are…

Q: The group transfer potential is the Gibbs (free) energy of reaction when a group is transferred from…

A: Gibbs free energy (also known as Gibbs energy or Gibbs function) is a thermodynamic potential that…

Q: List three effects of macromolecular crowding on the properties of enzymes and the reactions they…

A: Introduction: The organic molecules that are necessary for the growth and development of the body…

Q: enzyme catalysts

A: Enzymes, the intricate conductors within organisms, stand as elaborate proteins crafted for…

Q: The breakdown of a complex carbohydrate into its monomeric unit can be described as an…

A: Enzymes are catalysts that work by lowering the activation energy of the substrates. The lowered…

Q: As biological catalysts, enzymes play a fundamental role in many cellular processes. Which of the…

A: From above question  only 4 th statement is true about enzyme means option D is correct. Enzymes…

Q: Are enzyme-catalyzed reactions examples of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis?

A: Homogenous catalysis refers to a catalytic system in which the catalysts and the substances are in…

Q: Explain the basis for the following statement: As a coenzyme, pyridoxal phosphate is covalently…

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Q: What terms would best describe the above coupled reaction? (If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP +…

A: The Gibbs free energy change determines whether a biochemical reaction is favorable or not. It…

Q: What is the molecular logic that makes a pathway with a number of comparatively small energy changes…

A: In biochemistry, the metabolic pathway are a series of chemical reactions occurring in a sequence…

Q: When biological enzymes are heated, they lose their catalytic activity.  The change that occurs is…

A: The free energy changes in chemical reactions are denoted by ΔG. ∆G = ∆H − T∆S where, ∆H is the…

Q: In a major metabolic pathway involving the monosaccharide glucose, one of the reactions involve the…

A: The given reaction represents the first reaction of the glycolysis pathway. In this reaction, the…

Q: Consider the following reaction at 298K. Fe2+ (aq) + Sn (s) — Fe (s) + Sn²+ (aq) Which of the…

A: To determine which statements are correct, we need to analyze the reaction:…

Q: What Is the Kinetic Behavior of Enzymes CatalyzingBimolecular Reactions?

A: An enzyme is a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which…

Q: Draw the catalytic mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase…

A: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an enzyme that belongs to oxidoreductase class…

Q: Ç00 ÇH2OH он он он NHCOCH3 Hyaluronate All of the following are true regarding hyaluronate except…

A: Hyaluronate is a salt form of hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid is a polymer consists of repeated…

Q: Derive an Equation that explains the realtionship between kE and kN with respect to the equilibrium…

A: Equation: This reaction is governed by the equilibrium constant ​, where:       - (1)Assuming that…

Q: For an enzyme catalyzed reaction of the form: S + E → P + E, the rate of product formation, [P], is…

A: Km is Michael's constant which is equal to substrate concentration at half of maximum velocity of…

Q: The hydrolysis of ATP has a large negative Delta G under standard conditions, but ATP is still…

A: Let's analyze each option to understand why this is the correct answer and why the others are not:A)…

Q: What is the relationships between Kcat and that of stability. How is Kcat related to activation…

A: Kcat is the turnover number that is defined by the number of times each enzyme site converts the…

Q: Glycolysis is the process by which energy is harvested from glucose by living things. Several of the…

A: Consider 2 reactions; reaction T and reaction V. Suppose reaction T has a value of 'x' and reaction…

Q: What type of bonds in the tertiary structure of the enzyme break at high temperatures? Which ones…

A: Enzymes are proteins that act as biocatalysts. They accelerate chemical reactions. The molecules…

Q: DURING THE TRANSITION REACTION:   What is the substrate? What are the products?   Why is this…

A: Substrates are the chemical entities that react in the reaction to form products. Products are…