Melosis is a special type of cell division necessary for the production of sex cells (gametes) for the purpose of sexual reproduction. 2N cell (diploid). N is the haploid number of chromosomes. Each chromosome is replicated. DNA replication precedes meiosis. If genetic mistakes (mutations) occur here, they will be passed on (inherited by the offspring). Crossing over has occurred. Meiosis involves a single chromosomal duplication followed by two successive nuclear divisions, and it halves the diploid chromosome Homologous chromosomes pair up. The pairs are separated. number. An overview of meiosis is shown on the right. Meiosis occurs in the sex organs of plants and animals. An intermediate cell forms with a replicated copy of each chromosome. Meiosis produces variation During meiosis, a process called crossing over may occur when homologous chromosomes may exchange genes. This further adds to the variation in the gametes. Chromatid The chromosomes line up again. This time the chromatids ate separated. Meiosis is an important way of introducing genetic variation. The assortment of chromosomes into the gametes (the proportion from the father or mother) is random and can produce a huge number of possible chromosome combinations. Gametes (N, haploid) form with one copy of each chromosome 1. (a) What is the purpose of meiosis? (b) Where does meiosis take place?

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Oogenesis

The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase. 

Cell Division

Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons: