Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Solutions can be considered as homogeneous mixtures which contain two or more than two chemical substances. The chemical substance which is the greater part is defined as solvent. And the chemical substance that is dissolved in a solvent is referred to a…
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The image depicts three separate chemical reduction reactions using sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) in methanol (CH₃OH). 1. **First Reaction:** - **Reactant:** A bicyclic ketone compound with a methoxy group. - **Conditions:** - Step 1: NaBH₄ and CH₃OH. - Step 2: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and water (H₂O). - **Explanation:** The NaBH₄ acts as a reducing agent to convert the ketone group into an alcohol. 2. **Second Reaction:** - **Reactant:** A β-keto ester chloride. - **Conditions:** - Step 1: NaBH₄ (0.25 equivalents) and CH₃OH. - Step 2: HCl and H₂O. - **Explanation:** The reduced equivalent of NaBH₄ suggests controlled reduction, likely targeting selective reduction of the ketone or ester groups. 3. **Third Reaction:** - **Reactant:** A linear aldehyde with a ketone group. - **Conditions:** - Step 1: NaBH₄ and CH₃OH. - Step 2: HCl and H₂O. - **Explanation:** The NaBH₄ reduces the aldehyde to an alcohol, potentially affecting the ketone as well. In all reactions, step 2 typically involves hydrolysis or quenching of the reaction. These reactions illustrate typical organic chemistry transformations where carbonyl compounds are converted to alcohols using hydride reagents.
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Transcribed Image Text:The image depicts three separate chemical reduction reactions using sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) in methanol (CH₃OH). 1. **First Reaction:** - **Reactant:** A bicyclic ketone compound with a methoxy group. - **Conditions:** - Step 1: NaBH₄ and CH₃OH. - Step 2: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and water (H₂O). - **Explanation:** The NaBH₄ acts as a reducing agent to convert the ketone group into an alcohol. 2. **Second Reaction:** - **Reactant:** A β-keto ester chloride. - **Conditions:** - Step 1: NaBH₄ (0.25 equivalents) and CH₃OH. - Step 2: HCl and H₂O. - **Explanation:** The reduced equivalent of NaBH₄ suggests controlled reduction, likely targeting selective reduction of the ketone or ester groups. 3. **Third Reaction:** - **Reactant:** A linear aldehyde with a ketone group. - **Conditions:** - Step 1: NaBH₄ and CH₃OH. - Step 2: HCl and H₂O. - **Explanation:** The NaBH₄ reduces the aldehyde to an alcohol, potentially affecting the ketone as well. In all reactions, step 2 typically involves hydrolysis or quenching of the reaction. These reactions illustrate typical organic chemistry transformations where carbonyl compounds are converted to alcohols using hydride reagents.
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Step 1

We have to give the products of the given reactions.

Concept: We know that the sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is reduced aldehyde or ketone in presence of methanol (CH3OH, solvent). Also, aldehyde is more reactive than ketone, so aldehyde is reduced first by the NaBH4.

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