ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780190931919
Author: NEWNAN
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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**Title: Understanding Economic Graphs: Analyzing Optimal Output**

In the diagram above, we have a breakdown of various economic curves critical in determining a firm’s optimal output. Here’s a detailed explanation:

**Graph Elements:**

- **MC (Marginal Cost):** The red curve, representing the cost of producing one more unit.
- **ATC (Average Total Cost):** The upper blue curve, indicating the average cost per unit across all units produced.
- **AVC (Average Variable Cost):** The lower blue curve, showing the average of variable costs for each unit of output.
- **MR = P (Marginal Revenue = Price):** The horizontal black line, lying at $15, representing the additional revenue gained from selling one more unit, assumed to be constant in this scenario.

**Critical Points:**

1. **Price Levels:**
   - There are three indicated price levels on the left: $21.00, $20.00, and $19.50, each intersecting with different curves.

2. **Output Levels:**
   - Vertical dashed lines represent output levels: 30, 40, and 50 on the x-axis, each correlating with different intersections of the cost and revenue curves.
   
3. **Intersections:**
   - At 30 units, the ATC is above MR = P.
   - At 40 units, MC intersects MR = P, suggesting this is a break-even or optimal production point.
   - At 50 units, ATC is again above MR = P.

**Question:**

- The optimal output for the firm, according to the diagram above, is tied to the point where MC intersects MR = P, which is at 40 units.

**Choices:**

- **40 [Correct Answer]**
- 30
- zero (the firm should shutdown)
- 50

Understanding these curves helps firms maximize profits by identifying the most cost-efficient quantity of production consistent with market pricing.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Understanding Economic Graphs: Analyzing Optimal Output** In the diagram above, we have a breakdown of various economic curves critical in determining a firm’s optimal output. Here’s a detailed explanation: **Graph Elements:** - **MC (Marginal Cost):** The red curve, representing the cost of producing one more unit. - **ATC (Average Total Cost):** The upper blue curve, indicating the average cost per unit across all units produced. - **AVC (Average Variable Cost):** The lower blue curve, showing the average of variable costs for each unit of output. - **MR = P (Marginal Revenue = Price):** The horizontal black line, lying at $15, representing the additional revenue gained from selling one more unit, assumed to be constant in this scenario. **Critical Points:** 1. **Price Levels:** - There are three indicated price levels on the left: $21.00, $20.00, and $19.50, each intersecting with different curves. 2. **Output Levels:** - Vertical dashed lines represent output levels: 30, 40, and 50 on the x-axis, each correlating with different intersections of the cost and revenue curves. 3. **Intersections:** - At 30 units, the ATC is above MR = P. - At 40 units, MC intersects MR = P, suggesting this is a break-even or optimal production point. - At 50 units, ATC is again above MR = P. **Question:** - The optimal output for the firm, according to the diagram above, is tied to the point where MC intersects MR = P, which is at 40 units. **Choices:** - **40 [Correct Answer]** - 30 - zero (the firm should shutdown) - 50 Understanding these curves helps firms maximize profits by identifying the most cost-efficient quantity of production consistent with market pricing.
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