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MAKE CONNECTIONS Is the flow of ions through a ligand-gated channel
an example of active or passive transport? (Review Concepts 7.3 and 7.4.)
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- Distinguish between simple diffusion (SD), facilitated diffusion (FD), and active transport (AT) across a membrane for the following questions. (a) Which processes are energy dependent? (b) Which processes need some kind of carrier protein(s)? (c) Which processes can be saturated by substrate? (d) Which processes can establish a concentration gradient? (e) How much energy does it take to transport an uncharged substrate in, if its starting inside concentration is 10-fold greater than outside?Q.1 Define the following as applied to electrical activity of cells (i) Action Potential (ii) Membrane Potential (iii) Bioelectrogenesis . Q. 2 (a) State the following laws as applied to Biological fluid in membrane. (i) Vant’ Hoff’s law (ii) Nernst law equation (iii) Stok’s law (b) (i) State the significant of each law in (a) above in biological fluid flow. (ii) Explain briefly why fluid in biological membrane must be in a state of buffer. Q. 3 (i) What is meant by Diffusion as applied in biological membrane. (ii) State three factors that affect diffusion. (iii) Write down mathematical expression of diffusion from Fick’s law. Q. 4 (i) Define Surface tension of a liquid in Biological membrane (ii) Explain briefly the existence of surface tension at the boundary of biological fluids. (iii) State one direct and one indirect method of measuring surface tension.Q. 1 (i) What is meant by Diffusion as applied in biological membrane. (ii) State three factors that affect diffusion. (iii) Write down mathematical expression of diffusion from Fick’s law.
- What is the free energy change for the transport of calcium ions (Ca++) across a membrane from a region (left) where the concentration is 50 micromolar to a region (right) where the concentration is 50 micromolar? A membrane potential of 60 mV exists across the membrane where the right side is more negative than the left side. The temperature is 25 C.Uniporters and ion channels support facilitated transport across cellular membranes. Although both are examples of facilitated transport, the rates of ion movement via an ion channel are roughly 104 - to 105 -fold faster than the rates of molecule movement via a uniporter. What key mechanisticdifference results in this large difference in transport rate?What contribution to free energy (ΔG) determines the direction of transport?The distribution of water is determined by solute concentrations. A hypertonic solution would cause a body cell to shrink in size. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true and the second statement is false. The first statement is false and the second statement is true. Spaced practice question: Consider a membrane protein and its chemistry. Which of the following would describe a channel protein? It is an inorganic compound. It is an example of a globular (functional) protein. It is stable when exposed to an acidic environment. It is an example of a fibrous (structural) protein.
- What establishes the direction of traffic across a membrane?And what mechanisms drive molecules across membranes?We will address these questions next as we explore two modesof membrane traffic: passive transport and active transport.Scenario 4 Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone produced by cells in the adrenal gland and is commonly associated with the short-term fight-or-flight response when a person senses a dangerous threat in their environment. Describe the membrane transport mechanism (50-150 words) involved in the release of epinephrine from these cells. Your response should include the following: Description of how the type of membrane transport works. Reasoning for why you chose it.Ch. 5 Practice- Transport Watch each video and answer the corresponding questions on the right. Facilitated. vs. Active Transport outside cell Na+ Na+ Na+ channel Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ inside cell Na+ K+ K+ Na+ K+ K+ Na+ K+ channel K+ K+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ K+ channel Na+ Passive Transport K+ Na+ K+ Na+/K+ pump Na+ K+ K+ 2 3 4 Watch the movement of Na+ through the Na+ channel. The Na+ is moving the cell, from choose your answer... choose your answer... 00 Watch the movement of K+ through the K+ channel. The K+ is moving choose your answer... the cell, from choose your answer... concentration. Is any energy required in movement through the channels? Yes No concentration. Moving molecules or ions from low to high concentration uses choose your answer... transport. --
- Item14 Item 14 Coupled transport that involves the moving of one substance against its concentration gradient by using energy from a second substance moving down its concentration gradient is known as Multiple Choice a. primary active transport. b. receptor-mediated endocytosis. c. bulk transport. d. sympathetic exocytosis. e. secondary active transport. Item15 Item 15 Physiological saline contains the same concentration of solutes as the inside of a cell, and it is therefore a(n) __________ solution. Fill in the blank Item16 Item 16 Channel-mediated diffusion is a subtype of Multiple Choice a. simple diffusion. b. carrier-mediated diffusion. c. active transport. d. facilitated diffusion. e. endocytosis.Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 Transport by transporters can be either active orpassive, whereas transport by channels is always passive.2 Transporters saturate at high concentrations ofthe transported molecule when all their binding sites areoccupied; channels, on the other hand, do not bind theions they transport and thus the flux of ions through achannel does not saturate.3 The membrane potential arises from movementsof charge that leave ion concentrations practically unaf-fected, causing only a very slight discrepancy in the num-ber of positive and negative ions on the two sides of themembrane.For each of the following scenarios described where a molecule or ion is moving from one side of a membrane to the other, select the method by which the molecule or ion is moving. Each answer can be used more than once, or not at all. - Simple Diffusion - Facilitated diffusion by a channel protein - Facilitated diffusion by a carrier/transport protein - Active transport by a pump - Could be facilitated diffusion by a channel or a carrier; not enough information is given A- While water can freely diffuse across the membrane, it does not do so fast enough for living organisms to function properly. Therefore, membrane proteins known as aquaporins can increase the rate at which water moves across the membrane. The movement of water across the membrane via aquaporins (which do not change shape) is an example of which type of transport? B-Many snake venoms induce paralysis by acting on acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are transmembrane proteins that allow Na+, K+…