magine a world with perfect certainty, no costs of financial distress and where the corporate tax rate is 20%. Epsilon LTD has annual earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) of €1,000. Interest rates on its debt are 5% and will be so forever. How much debt and equity (in €) should it have if it wanted to achieve its optimal capital structure?
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- A firm will earn a taxable net return of $500 million next year. If it took on debt today, it would have to pay creditors\varepsilon(rDebt) = 5% + 10% x wDebt2. Thus, if the firm has 100% debt, the financial markets would demand 15% expected rate of return. Further, assume that the financial markets will lend the firm capital at this overall net cost of 15%, regardless of how the firm is financed. The firm is in the 25% marginal tax bracket. 1. If the firmis fully equity-financed, what is its value? 2. Using APV, if the firm is financed with equal amounts of debt and equity today, what is its value? 3. Using WACC, if the firm is financed with equal amounts of debt and equity today, what is its value? 4. Does this firm have an optimal capital structure? If so, what is its APV and WACC?At the present time, t = 0, your company has assets-in-place and $200m in cash. One period from now, t=1, assets-in-place will have a value of $600m, with probability 1/2, and $200m, with probability 1/2. The beta of these assets is zero. Your company also has an outstanding debt with face value $400m, due at t=1. The company has an investment project; that requires at t=0 an investment of $160m and will have a certain payoff of $200m at t=1. The risk-free rate is zero, and there are no taxes. a) Should your company take the project? b) Discuss how your answer would change if you finance this project with secured debt.What is the value of the following firm if free cash flows are expected to be a constant £30m per year forever, the post-tax cost of debt is 6%, the cost of equity capital is 14%, and half the firm’s capital is debt and half is equity? a £400m b I do not want to answer this question. c £250m d £350m e £450m f £300m
- Sefton Villa will be worth either €60 million, €80 million or €100 million in one year with equal probabilities. The firm has bonds outstanding with a promised payment of €75 million in one year at an expected rate of 6% and the required rate of return on the assets is 12%. What is the company's equity cost of capital? What is the expected payoff of the debt? What is the debt’s promised rate of return?The FCFE (free cash flow to the equity) is projected to be $0.3 billion forever, the cost of equity equals 15% and the WACC is 10%. If the market value of the debt is $1.0 billion, what is the value of the equity using the free cash flow valuation approach? The firm does not have any short-term investments that are unrelated to operations. O $2 billion ⒸS3 billion $4 billion $1 billionNow, take the same firm, but put it in an environment where there is a 28% tax rate. h. What is the value of the unleveraged firm in the world with taxes and what will be the price of each equity share? i. Calculate each of the following for the unleveraged firm: ROA ROE • EPS • Cost of Equity (Rs) WACC Now add the $140 million in perpetual debt. j. What is the value of the leveraged firm in the world with taxes and what will be the price of each equity share? k. How many shares will be left outstanding after the change in capital structure this time 1. Calculate each of the following for the leveraged firm: • ROA ROE • EPS • Cost of Equity WACC m. Using Rs & Rb and the relevant annual CF to equity and debt, calculate the value of the Equity (S), the value of debt (B), and the value of the firm (V). n. Using WACC and the relevant annual CF to the firm, calculate the value of the firm (V).
- The ROA of your firm is 5%. The firm also has a debt-asset ratio of 70%. If your firm reinvests 100% of its earnings, at what rate can your assets grow without having to change your capital structure? Further, at what rate can your assets grow without having to raise capital externally? I know the formula for sustainable growth is ROE x b / 1 - ROE x b Internal growth ROA x 1 - b / 1 - (ROA x 1- b) But I do not know how to get the information with what is provided. I think I'm missing a formula to go from ROA (which is the 5% provided) to ROE. Can you show me how to solve this problem? Thank you in advance for your help.H3. The value of HILEV firm at the end of one year can be $50 m or $100 m with equal probability of 0.5. The firm has debt with a face value of $50 m that matures in one year. Assume that investors are risk-neutral and the risk free rate is zero. The CEO of the firm decides to substitute assets of the firm with more risky assets immediately, so that the value of the firm at the end of one year is either $30 m or $120 m with equal probability of 0.5. This asset substitution will lead to A. A gain of $10 million for stockholders and a loss of $10 million for bondholders B. A loss of $10 million for stockholders and a gain of $10 million for bondholders C. No gain or loss to debtholders or equity holders D. Both debtholders and equity holders will lose $10 million from the increased risk of the business Show proper step by step calculationPlease solve this question, with all given parts. Q1:- Atlas Corporation wants to determine the optimal level of current assets that should be kept in the next year. The company is currently undergoing expansion, after which sales are expected to increase approximately by PKR 1 million. The company wants to maintain a 40% equity ratio and its total fixed assets are of PKR 1 million. Atlas’s interest rate is currently 8% on both short-term and longer-term debt (which the firm uses in its permanent structure). The company must choose between three strategies and decide which one is better. (1) a lean and mean policy where current assets would be only 35% of projected sales, (2) a moderate policy where current assets would be 40% of sales, and (3) a lenient policy where current assets would be 50% of sales. Earnings before interest and taxes should be 10% of total sales, and the federal-plus-state tax rate is 35%. What is the expected return on equity under each current asset level? In…
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion A company has an expected EBIT of $18,000 in perpetuity, a tax rate of 35%, and a debt-to- equity ratio of 0.75. The interest rate on the debt is 9.5%. The firm’s WACC is 9%. a) If the company has not debt, what would be the unlevered cost of capital and firm value? b) Suppose now the company has $55,714.29 in outstanding debt. Using your answer to part a) and M&M Proposition I with taxes, what is the value of this levered firm?Kohwe Corporation plans to issue equity to raise $50.7 million to finance a new investment. After making the investment, Kohwe expects to earn free cash flows of $10.4 million each year. Kohwe's only asset is this investment opportunity. Suppose the appropriate discount rate for Kohwe's future free cash flows is 7.7%, and the only capital market imperfections are corporate taxes and financial distress costs. a. What is the NPV of Kohwe's investment? b. What is the value of Kohwe if it finances the investment with equity? a. What is the NPV of Kohwe's investment? The NPV of Kohwe's investment is $ million. (Round to two decimal places.) b. What is the value of Kohwe if it finances the investment with equity? The Kohwe finances stment with equity $ million. (Round decimal places.)Green Mfg is about to launch a new product. Depending on the success of the new product, they will have one of four values next year: $150 million, $140 million, $95 million, and $82 million. These outcomes are all equally likely, and this risk is diversifiable. Suppose the risk-free interest rate is 5% and that, in the event of default, 30% of the value of their assets will be lost to bankruptcy costs. (Ignore all other market imperfections, such as taxes.) a. What is the initial value of Green's equity without leverage? Now suppose Green has zero-coupon debt with a $100 million face value due next year. b. What is the initial value of Green's equity? What is Green's total value with leverage?