Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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- In winemaking, microorganisms break down the sugar in grapes into ethanol (grain alcohol) and carbon dioxide. The balanced equation for this reaction is C6H12O62 C₂H8O+2 CO2 + 16.6 kcal a Given that 100 mL of wine contains 9.3 g of ethanol (C₂H6O), how much heat was produced as this ethanol was being formed? (Enter your answer to two significant figures.) kcal Heat = b How many grams of sugar must be broken down to produce 14.5 kcal of heat? (Enter your answer to three significant figures.) Mass= garrow_forwardCoal power plants burn large amounts of coal, C(s), in an O2(g) atmosphere to generate electricity. The chemical reaction responsible for producing this energy is shown below: C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) Determine the mass in grams of CO2 produced when 102 metric tons of C(s) are completely burned in an O2 atmosphere (1 metric ton = 103 kg = 106 g). Don't include units in your answerarrow_forwardA serving size of four cookies contains 7 g of fat, 16 g of carbohydrates, and 5 g of protein. If walking 1 mile consumes 170 kJ of energy, how many miles must you walk to burn off enough calories to eat four cookies? Assume the energy content of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins are 8 kcal/g, 4 kcal/g, and 4 kcal/g, respectively. 1 cal = 4.184 J.arrow_forward
- A) Ethanol, C2H6O, is most often blended with gasoline - usually as a 10 percent mix - to create a fuel called gasohol. Ethanol is a renewable resource and ethanol-blended fuels, like gasohol, appear to burn more efficiently in combustion engines. The combustion of one mole of ethanol releases 326.7 kcal of energy.The combustion of one mole of 2-methylhexane, C7H16, releases 1.150×103 kcal of energy. How much energy is released during the complete combustion of 495 grams of 2-methylhexane ?------------- kcalAssuming the same efficiency, would 495 grams of ethanol provide more, less, or the same amount of energy as 495 grams of 2-methylhexane? --------- B) Combustion reactions are exothermic. The heat of reaction for the combustion of 2-methylheptane, C8H18, is 1.306×103 kcal/mol. What is the heat of combustion for 2-methylheptane in kcal/gram?--------- kcal/gramHow much heat will be given off if molar quantities of 2-methylheptane react according to the following equation? 2 C8H18+25…arrow_forwardUsing the information provided, determine the enthalpy (in kJ/mol) for the reaction C(s) + CO₂ (g)→ 2 CO (g) C(s)= 0 kJ/mol CO2 (g) = -393.5 kJ/mol CO (g)= -110.5 kJ/molarrow_forwardWhen 3.02 g of NH4Cl is dissolved in enough water to make 20.05 mL of solution, the temperature dropped from 19.8°C to 9.1°C. Calculate the enthalpy change (in kJ) when 1 mole of NH4Cl is dissolved in water. The density and specific heat of water are 1.00 g/mL and 4.18 J/g°C respectively.arrow_forward
- Blast furnaces extract pure iron from the iron(III) oxide in iron ore in a two step sequence. In the first step, carbon and oxygen react to form carbon monoxide: 2 C(s) + O₂(g) →2 CO(g) In the second step, iron(III) oxide and carbon monoxide react to form iron and carbon dioxide: Fe₂O3(s) + 3 CO(g) →2 Fe(s)+3 CO₂(g) Write the net chemical equation for the production of iron from carbon, oxygen and iron(III) oxide. Be sure your equation is balanced.arrow_forwardThe U.S. is one of several countries committed to reaching “net-zero” carbon emissions by 2050. This means that by 2050, all carbon dioxide emissions must be matched by the amount of carbon dioxide removed from the air. Why is it essential for all countries in the world to meet carbon reduction commitments like thisarrow_forwardEthanol, C2H6O, is most often blended with gasoline - usually as a 10 percent mix - to create a fuel called gasohol. Ethanol is a renewable resource and ethanol-blended fuels, like gasohol, appear to burn more efficiently in combustion engines. The heat of combustion of ethanol is 326.7 kcal/mol.The heat of combustion of 2-methylhexane, C7H16, is 1.150×103 kcal/mol. How much energy is released during the complete combustion of 446 grams of 2-methylhexane ?________ kcal Assuming the same efficiency, would 446 grams of ethanol provide more, less, or the same amount of energy as 446 grams of 2-methylhexane? _________. (more, less, or the same amount)arrow_forward
- The diagram below shows steps in the exothermic chemical reaction of bromomethane with hydroxide to form methanol and bromide ion. The black spheres are carbon atoms, the white spheres are hydrogen atoms, the red spheres are oxygen atoms, and the blue dots are bromine atoms. Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the reaction. Draw an energy diagram similar in style to the one in question #1 of the reaction in which you label the energies of each step in the reaction and the activation energy. Your diagram should include the reactants, activation energy, transition state, and products. Indicate if it is endothermic or exothermic. You may draw this on paper and attach an image file to your assignment. Using the figures in the diagram above, include these figures A, B and C on your energy diagram at the steps of the reaction in the correct order, label each molecule in the drawings. Describe what is happening in the reaction you just drew at each phase as time…arrow_forwardComplete the following table. Round each of your answers to 3 significant digits. food an ounce of breakfast corn flakes an ear of cooked corn a chocolate chip cookie cal energy content when eaten 1.10 x 107 kcal B 85.0 ☐ kJ 0 0 188.arrow_forwardTo measure the caloric content of a new breakfast bar, you burn a 1.961 g sample in a calibrated bomb calorimeter. During the burn, the temperature of the calorimeter rises from 25.4 °C to 27.8°C. If the serving size is 43.0 g, how many Calories (kcal) are contained in each serving? Heat capacity of bomb calorimeter = 8.70 kJ/°Carrow_forward
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