Chemistry
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Transcribed Image Text:**Analyzing the Incorrect Lewis Structure of H-C≡N**
The image presents a Lewis structure of a molecule where a hydrogen atom (H) is bonded to a carbon atom (C), which is triple bonded to a nitrogen atom (N). The structure aims to represent the molecule hydrogen cyanide (HCN), but there are several errors in the depiction. Let's examine the issues in detail:
1. **Incomplete Valence Shell for Hydrogen:**
- Hydrogen should have only 2 electrons in its valence shell, forming a single bond. The image correctly shows this part, as hydrogen bonds with carbon, sharing two electrons.
2. **Incorrect Number of Electrons Around Carbon:**
- Carbon forms a total of four covalent bonds to complete its octet. In the correct structure, carbon should form a single bond with hydrogen (H) and a triple bond with nitrogen (N), fulfilling the octet rule. The depicted structure shows the trivalent bonding configuration correctly, involving eight electrons (two from the hydrogen bond and six from the triple bond with nitrogen).
3. **Incorrect Number of Electrons Around Nitrogen:**
- Nitrogen, in a Lewis structure, should typically have three bonds and one lone pair to complete its octet. In the correct structure, nitrogen forms a triple bond with carbon and hosts one lone pair, summing to eight electrons. The depicted structure incorrectly shows two lone pairs (four electrons) around nitrogen along with the triple bond, resulting in ten electrons around nitrogen, violating the octet rule.
To correct the given structure:
- Remove one of the lone pairs on the nitrogen atom.
**Correct Lewis Structure:**
```
H - C ≡ N:
```
- Hydrogen (H) forms a single bond with carbon (C), sharing two electrons.
- Carbon (C) forms a triple bond with nitrogen (N), sharing six electrons in the bond.
- Nitrogen (N) has one lone pair of electrons, completing its octet.
In summary, the primary errors in the provided Lewis structure are related to the number of lone pairs on the nitrogen atom, leading to an incorrect total of electrons around nitrogen. By ensuring nitrogen has only one lone pair, the structure adheres to the octet rule and accurately represents the molecule hydrogen cyanide (HCN).
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