Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696527
Author: J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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**Educational Content on Viscosity Experiments** **Introduction** Liquid A is known to have a higher viscosity than Liquid B. Use this fact to predict the result of each experiment described below. **Experiments and Predictions** | **Experiment** | **Predicted Outcome** | |----------------|------------------------| | Liquid A and Liquid B are each pumped through tubes with an inside diameter of 48.0 mm, and the pressures \(P_A\) and \(P_B\) needed to produce a steady flow of 4.7 mL/s are measured. | ○ \(P_A\) will be greater than \(P_B\) <br> ○ \(P_A\) will be less than \(P_B\) <br> ○ \(P_A\) will be equal to \(P_B\) <br> ○ It's impossible to predict whether \(P_A\) or \(P_B\) will be greater without more information. | | 50.0 mL each of Liquid A and Liquid B are poured through a funnel, and the times \(t_A\) and \(t_B\) needed to pour each liquid through the funnel are measured. | ○ \(t_A\) will be greater than \(t_B\) <br> ○ \(t_A\) will be less than \(t_B\) <br> ○ \(t_A\) will be equal to \(t_B\) <br> ○ It's impossible to predict whether \(t_A\) or \(t_B\) will be greater without more information. | **Explanation of Concepts** - **Viscosity**: A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. A higher viscosity indicates a thicker fluid. - **Pressure (\(P\)) and Flow Rate**: In the first experiment, higher viscosity requires greater pressure to maintain the same flow rate. - **Pouring Time (\(t\))**: In the second experiment, higher viscosity results in a longer time to pour the same volume through a funnel.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Content on Viscosity Experiments** **Introduction** Liquid A is known to have a higher viscosity than Liquid B. Use this fact to predict the result of each experiment described below. **Experiments and Predictions** | **Experiment** | **Predicted Outcome** | |----------------|------------------------| | Liquid A and Liquid B are each pumped through tubes with an inside diameter of 48.0 mm, and the pressures \(P_A\) and \(P_B\) needed to produce a steady flow of 4.7 mL/s are measured. | ○ \(P_A\) will be greater than \(P_B\) <br> ○ \(P_A\) will be less than \(P_B\) <br> ○ \(P_A\) will be equal to \(P_B\) <br> ○ It's impossible to predict whether \(P_A\) or \(P_B\) will be greater without more information. | | 50.0 mL each of Liquid A and Liquid B are poured through a funnel, and the times \(t_A\) and \(t_B\) needed to pour each liquid through the funnel are measured. | ○ \(t_A\) will be greater than \(t_B\) <br> ○ \(t_A\) will be less than \(t_B\) <br> ○ \(t_A\) will be equal to \(t_B\) <br> ○ It's impossible to predict whether \(t_A\) or \(t_B\) will be greater without more information. | **Explanation of Concepts** - **Viscosity**: A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. A higher viscosity indicates a thicker fluid. - **Pressure (\(P\)) and Flow Rate**: In the first experiment, higher viscosity requires greater pressure to maintain the same flow rate. - **Pouring Time (\(t\))**: In the second experiment, higher viscosity results in a longer time to pour the same volume through a funnel.
Expert Solution
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Step 1

Given:

Liquid A has higher values of viscosity than the liquid B

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It describes the internal friction of a moving fluid. A fluid with large viscosity resists motion because its molecular makeup gives it a lot of internal friction. A fluid with low viscosity flows easily because its molecular makeup results in very little friction when it is in motion.

The viscosity of liquid A is greater than the viscosity of liquid B, therefore, the pressure of liquid A is also more than the pressure of liquid B because more pressure is needed for a steady flow in liquid A.

Therefore, pA will be greater than pB, which is the predicted outcome.  

option (a) is correct.

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