Leo was taking angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitor or what is known as ACE inhibitor; this blocks the angiotensin II activation. Describe at least two mechanisms by which angiotensin II targets the kidneys to increase extracellular fluid volume and, therefore, increase blood pressure.
Leo was taking angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitor or what is known as ACE inhibitor; this blocks the angiotensin II activation. Describe at least two mechanisms by which angiotensin II targets the kidneys to increase extracellular fluid volume and, therefore, increase blood pressure.
Chapter7: Null And Void
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| Urinary system lab assignment and related case study Leo, 37-years old was absolutely shocked when he found out that he has a hypertension. He was once an athlete and a quarterback in his high school and college teams; very well-known and loved one until he broke his femur bone in a car accident and then everything just changed. He became careless about himself and his health. He left himself go, eating too much junk food, drinking too much alcohol and smoking cigarettes. Leos physician had to prescribe two different antihypertensive medications in order to get his blood pressure under control. He told him to exercise regularly, go on a low-salt diet and try to stop or at least moderate alcohol and stop smoking. Leo was scared because he had a history of hypertension in the family where his dad ended up being on a dialysis before dying from complications of kidney failure. Leo took his doctors advice seriously and began a dramatic lifestyle change to get back to what he used to be. His fracture healed well and now at the age of 52, he is a triathlon athlete and among the top in the city and even the country in the same age group. His ambitions started growing and felt the young athlete back again. He was determined on achieving something, so he ended up hiring Lucy; a clinical exercise specialist to help him gain the edge he needed to win the race even nationally. His most immediate concern was that he was experiencing problems with dehydration and fatigue because he hadnt found an effective way to drink enough fluids while exercising. Lucy prepared a program and used some tools to quantify and assess his physiological state before, during and after his workout. She used some indices including urinalysis, which Leo found surprising and a bit odd. He collected urine regularly based on her recommendation. Lucy explained to him the reasoning behind the urinalysis is because of the medications he took to control his hypertension and, to that renal status is one of the tools she could use to evaluate his physiological state. Leos results were like the followings Time Color Specific Gravity Protein Glucose pH Before exercise pale yellow 1.003 absent absent 6.2 Immediately after exercise dark yellow 1.029 small amount absent 4.4 Six hours after exercise yellow 1.022 absent small amount 5.1 |
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Leo was taking angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitor or what is known as ACE inhibitor; this blocks the angiotensin II activation. Describe at least two mechanisms by which angiotensin II targets the kidneys to increase extracellular fluid volume and, therefore, increase blood pressure.
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