Ketones are converted to enolates on treatment with base. Draw the structures of the enolates formed when the ketone shown is treated with either LDA or tert-butaxide. Include all lone pairs of electrons and nonzero formal charges. Do not include counter ions. 010 CH

When a single compound contains both a nucleophile and a leaving group, an intramolecular reaction occurs. With this in mind, what is the structure and stereochemistry of the following reaction?

Draw the structure(s) of the product(s) expected if 1-methylcyclohexanol were treated with concentrated hydroiodic acid.

H₂C OEt H₂C OEt 1. NaOEt, EtOH 2. H₂O* H₂C EtOH OEt Esters, like aldehydes and ketones, are weakly acidic. Treatment of an ester with 1 equivalent of a strong base, such as sodium ethoxide, causes a reversible carbonyl condensation to occur that forms a ẞ-ketoester. This reaction is known as the Claisen condensation. The tetrahedral intermediate thus formed expels an alkoxide leaving group to give an acyl substitution product, a ẞ-ketoester. The steps leading up to this point are all reversible. The best yields for the Claisen condensation are obtained when the starting ester has more than one acidic a-hydrogen. In these cases, a second deprotonation of the a-carbon drives the reaction equilibrium toward the product, thus requiring a full equivalent of base instead of a catalytic amount. Subsequent protonation with dilute aqueous acid resultsn a high yield of the final product. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing…