Juliet is a 42 years old patient who is preparing to undergo surgery to remove her thymus gland, which has a tumor( a thymoma) .She has read about the thymus and its functions and is concerned that her immune system will be much weaker after the surgery ,What do you tell her, and why?
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Juliet is a 42 years old patient who is preparing to undergo surgery to remove her thymus gland, which has a tumor( a thymoma) .She has read about the thymus and its functions and is concerned that her immune system will be much weaker after the surgery ,What do you tell her, and why?
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- Melissa is a 15-year-old high school student. Over the last week, she had been feeling tired and found it difficult to stay awake in class. By the time the weekend had arrived, she developed a sore throat that made it difficult to eat and even drink. Melissa was too tired to get out of bed, and she said her head ached. On Monday morning, her mother took her to her doctor. Upon completing the physical exam, he told Melissa the lymph nodes were enlarged in her neck and she had a fever. He ordered blood tests and told Melissa he thought she had mononucleosis, a viral infection requiring much bed rest. Humoral immunity involves the activation of B lymphocytes and production of antibodies. What are the general mechanisms of action that make antibodies a key component of an immune response?Melissa is a 15-year-old high school student. Over the last week, she had been feeling tired and found it difficult to stay awake in class. By the time the weekend had arrived, she developed a sore throat that made it difficult to eat and even drink. Melissa was too tired to get out of bed, and she said her head ached. On Monday morning, her mother took her to her doctor. Upon completing the physical exam, he told Melissa the lymph nodes were enlarged in her neck and she had a fever. He ordered blood tests and told Melissa he thought she had mononucleosis, a viral infection requiring much bed rest. Innate and adaptive immune defenses work collectively in destroying invasive microorganisms. What is the interaction between macrophages and T lymphocytes during the presentation of antigen?Melissa is a 15-year-old high school student. Over the last week, she had been feeling tired and found it difficult to stay awake in class. By the time the weekend had arrived, she developed a sore throat that made it difficult to eat and even drink. Melissa was too tired to get out of bed, and she said her head ached. On Monday morning, her mother took her to her doctor. Upon completing the physical exam, he told Melissa the lymph nodes were enlarged in her neck and she had a fever. He ordered blood tests and told Melissa he thought she had mononucleosis, a viral infection requiring much bed rest. Melissa’s illness is caused by a virus. Where are type I interferons produced, and why are they important in combating viral infections?
- Sylvia’s grandfather is diagnosed with lung cancer. When his physician takes biopsies of several lymph nodes from neighboring regions of the body, Sylvia wonders why, since his cancer is in his lungs. What would you tell her?It sometimes is difficult to distinguish the different lymphoid organs from one another in histological sections. How would you tell the thymus from a lymph node? (a) Only the thymus has a cortex and medulla; (b) lymphocytes are far less densely packed in the thymus than in the lymph node; (c) the thymus contains no blood vessels; (d) only the thymus has distinct lobules and thymic corpuscles.Due to the presence of breast cancer, Mrs. Franco had a right radical mastectomy in which her right breast, underlying muscle, and right axillary lymph nodes and vessels were removed. Now she is experiencing severe swelling in her right arm. Why did the surgeon remove lymph tissue as well as the breast? Why is Mrs. Franco’s right arm swollen?
- Being highly allergic to pollen and nuts, Jim has always used epinephrine injections and cortisol pills to treat his allergy attacks. Which treatment would he have to undergo if he accidentally eats a sauce cooked with peanuts, and has an acute immune reaction?Mr. White developed neutropenia as a consequence of cancer chemotherapy, which destroyed much of his bone marrow. What other components of the immune system would be harmed by bone marrow destruction? Would you expect his hematocrit to be elevated or decreased? What effects would you expect to see from this change in hematocritWhat would happen to the immune system, if thymus gland is removed from the body of a person?
- Why are the thymus and the spleen considered organs of the lymphatic system?Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the thymus are (a) B lymphocytes, (b) T lymphocytes.Miya fell in the playground and a splinter got stuck in her arm. Describe in your own words and in detail how Mia's immune system will react to the splinter in her arm. What is this reaction called and what are the immune cells and proteins/molecules involved.