JL, a 50-year-old woman, fell and broke the left tibia at the ankle. She is in the emergency department, waiting for the fracture to be immobilized. The leg hurts and she notes that the ankle is red and swollen. A diagnosis of a simple fracture and sprain (damage to ligaments) is made. What is the rationale for immobilizing the fractured bone? Include in your explanation a discussion of why movement of the affected area is painful. She is told to come back to the fracture clinic in 24 hours to have her cast checked. What could happen to the inflamed tissue if the edema increases in the casted area? What warning signs and symptoms will you look for?

A 10-year-old boy came into the emergency room with a painful knee joint. He had full range of motion but was in pain. The attending physician suspected a fracture and ordered an x-ray examination. What was the purpose of the x-ray evaluation? (Do not forget the epiphyseal growth plate.)

AHS 131 - Skeletal System - Bone Composition, Structures, Bone Names and their parts. These are the structures and names that you will need to know for your AHS 131 Bone Lab Exam. Please review and rewrite the names in the space below. When appropriate include the function of the structure. Bone Cells Osteoprogenitor Cell Osteoblast Osteocyte Osteoclast Osteon Concentric Lamellae Lacunae Osteocytes Canaliculi Central Canal - Artery - Vein - Lymphatic Vessel - Nerve Bone Cross Section Compact Bone Osteons (as above) Circumferential Lamellae Concentric Lamellae Interstitial Lamellae Endosteum Trabeculae Spongy Bone Marrow Cavity Periosteum Perforating (Sharpey's) Fibers Central Canal Perforating (Haversian) Canal Arteries

When the shoulder joint dislocates, it most commonly dislocates posteriorly, meaning that the joint capsule tears on the posterior side and the head of the humerus pushes partly out through the capsule. Why do you think the posterior capsule more commonly tears? (HINT: Consider the structure of the capsule and look at the ligaments of the shoulder joint.)