Internal respiration During internal respiration, the small amount of oxygen transported in dissolved plasma (1) quickly diffuses out of the plasma into interstitial fluid. • Carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood and a small amount remains dissolved in the plasma (2). Most of the carbon dioxide continues into the red blood cell where some of it combines with hemoglobin (3) to form carbaminohemoglobin (4). Most carbon dioxide, however, combines with water (5) to form carbonic acid (6). This reaction is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase. The carbonic acid then dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions (7). As bicarbonate ion concentration inside the red blood cell increases, bicarbonate ions diffuse out of the red blood cell into plasma (8) in exchange for chloride ions (9). Bicarbonate ions act as buffers within the plasma, controlling pH. • Within the red blood cell, hydrogen ions (10) are buffered by hemoglobin (11). When hemoglobin binds hydrogen ions, it has a lower affinity for oxygen. As a result, oxygen dissociates from hemoglobin (12), diffuses out of the red blood cell and out of the blood, down its pressure gradient. The interaction between hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen and its binding of hydrogen ions is called the Bohr effect. By forming hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide loading facilitates oxygen unloading.

Scenario: In Charles’ blood, the partial pressure of CO in the blood (0.4 mm Hg) is far lower than the partial pressure of O2, yet the percent saturation of hemoglobin by each gas is approximately equal. What does this tell you about the affinity of hemoglobin for CO?

All of the following factors increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen EXCEPT:   Increased temperature   Increased pH   Decreased pCO2   Decreased 2,3-DPG   All of the above increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen The conduction zone:   Question 7 options:   participates in some gas exchange   secretes mucus which is moved down into the respiratory zone of the lungs   dries moist air as it moves into the respiratory zone   equilibrates incoming air to body temperature   none of the above are correct The respiratory membrane for gas exchange includes (select the best answer):   Question 8 options:   Capillary endothelial cells   Type I alveolar cells   Type II alveolar cells   A and B above   A and C above

true or false ? Oxygen binding to hemoglobin has what affect on additional molecule of oxygen binding to the same molecule of hemoglobin?

Describe the entire pathway that oxygen travels from the pulmonary capillaries in the lungs to the heart and to the final destination in the liver hepatocyte (include all structures)

Respiratory Concept Mapping Construct a map of gas transport using the following terms. You alveoli arterial blood carbaminohemoglobin carbonic anhydrase chloride shift dissolved CO₂ dissolved O₂ hemoglobin hemoglobin saturation oxyhemoglobin Po CO2 plasma 02 pressure gradient red blood cell venous blood

Know the structure and functions of hemoglobin and the three determinants for how much oxygen is bound

Some Events Related to Breathing 1 increased rate of breathing 2 Nervous stimulation of the diaphragm 3 Increased concentration of CO 2 in the blood 4 Decreased concentration of CO 2 in the blood 5 Chemical stimulation of the respiratory centre   The sequence of events that occurs as the breathing rate is increased Is   a) 3,5,2,1 and 4 b) 5,3,1,2 and 4 c) 3,2,4,1 abd 5 d) 4,3,5,2 and 1

1. Is this statement correct or incorrect? Explain.  During strenuous exercise, the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the right. This rightward shift reflects an increase in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and favors loading of O2 onto hemoglobin in the lungs. 2. Is this statement correct or incorrect? Explain.  Compared to hemoglobin, myoglobin has a lower binding affinity for O2 and a higher O2 binding capacity, two characteristics that allow myoglobin to efficiently provide skeletal muscle cells with a readily-accessible reservoir of O2.

please help with this practice problem