Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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- Mr. Chan is admitted to the emergency unit with shortness of breath. He had similar symptoms approximately 1 year ago with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation requiring hospitalization. (a) What is obstructive lung disease? How does it affect the oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the arterial blood? (b) Describe how the obstructive lung disease can be diagnosed by the spirometer. (c) Mr. Chan’s lungs show a progressive destruction that is a form of COPD. (i) What is the name of the lung disease describing this form of COPD? (ii) Describe and explain the change in lung compliance, airway resistance and pulmonary ventilation. (d) Give one COPD exacerbation that Mr. Chan may experience. How can it affect pulmonary function?arrow_forwardmatch the following descriptions/figures to either normal breathing or hyperventilation.arrow_forward46arrow_forward
- Indicate whether the changes in respiratory volumes or capacities described are observed A) during an acute asthma attack, B) in emphysema C) both during an acute asthma attack and in emphysema, or D) not during an acute asthma attack or in emphysema. Note that the acute asthma attack is in a person not taking ventolin (ie no inhaler). Decrease in total lung capacity Increase in residual volume Decrease in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) Decrease in tidal volume Decrease in expiratory reserve volumearrow_forwardWhich of the following factors would NOT increase the rate of diffusion of oxygen through the respiratory membrane? A) Increasing the SA/V ratio B) Increasing the partial pressures C) Decreasing the surface area D) Decreasing the thickness of the membrane E) Decreasing the distance the gas has to diffusearrow_forwardWhich of the following is the label for the Y axis of this oxygen dissociation graph? Choose from following: (A) arterial PO2 (B) alveolar PO2 (C) atmospheric PO2 (D) percent hemoglobin saturation (oxygen) (E) percent hemoglobin saturation (carbon dioxide)arrow_forward
- Given the following values: ERV=1700mL ERV+TAV= 2200 mL VC= 3000 mL 1) Calculate TAV and IRV. 2) If they have a breathing rate of 14 breaths/min, what is their minute ventilation? 3) If they have the normal dead space ventilation of 150 mL, what is their alveolar ventilation? (show dead space volume as part of the calculation). 4) If they start exercising and increase their breath volume to 1600 mL with 25 breaths per minute, what is their alveolar ventilation now?arrow_forwardIndicate whether the changes in respiratory volumes or capacities described are observed A) during an acute asthma attack, B) in emphysema C) both during an acute asthma attack and in emphysema, or D) not during an acute asthma attack or in emphysema. Note that the acute asthma attack is in a person not taking ventolin (ie no inhaler). Decrease in total lung capacity Increase in residual volume Decrease in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) Decrease in tidal volume Decrease in expiratory reserve volumearrow_forwardIn order for lungs to expand when the thoracic cavity expands, which of these pressures should be LOWEST (measured in mm Hg)? a) P atm b) P alv c) P iparrow_forward
- Helium gas is maintained at a partial pressure in alveolar gas of PHe,alv= 10 mmHg. Blood flow through the lungs is 5 L/min, the permeability surface area of the alveolar blood-gas barrier is PHe,M S= 100 mL/s, and Bunsen solubility coefficients for He in blood and barrier are a*He,blood= 0.008 mL He/(mL blood* atm) and a*He,M= 0.08 mL He/(ml blood* atm), respectively. Helium is not present in the inlet blood. Find the He flow across the microvascular barrier of the lung. Compare this with the maximum helium exchange for very high flow rates (diffusion limited). Compare the result in part (a) with the He flow when the permeability is very high (flow- limited).arrow_forwardThe total amount of oxygen per hour passing through the Respiratory membrane is equivalent to the total amount of oxygen per hour used by the body. Find the amount of oxygen in cm2 Oxygen/min.arrow_forward39. Describe each of the 3 factors that influence internal respiration and their significance. Factor Significancearrow_forward
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