Q: Why is it important to be familiar with the symptoms and signs of a particular disease?
A: Symptoms and sign of a disease are the indicative of progression of a disease and also marker of…
Q: What do you mean by contagious disease? use your own words to explain?
A: A disease can be defined as a disorder or deviation in the physical, physiological or any other…
Q: What is an opportunistic pathogen?
A: A pathogen is bacteria, virus, or other microorganisms that can cause disease
Q: Natural disease processes generally involve specific organ systems: Cardiovascular Disease involves…
A: Injury are of various type and they can present in various pattern which can be recognised and…
Q: What steps can a persontake to help avoid opportunistic infections?
A: Opportunistic infections are infections caused by viral, bacterial, fungal, or protozoan pathogens.…
Q: What is the symptom-free period of a disease called?
A: Producing only a few, mild symptoms, disease is paucisymptomatic. Symptoms appearing later, after an…
Q: What is the difference between an emerging and a reemerginginfectious disease?
A: An infectious disease is the one that is caused by pathogenic microbes. These microbes can be…
Q: Describe the major anatomical and biochemical barriers to infection?
A: Infection refers to the invasion and multiplication of micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses,…
Q: What is the figure presents? What is the relation of this figure to human disease? What are the…
A: Atherosclerosis is a disease of the cardiovascular system. The condition may arise due to smoking,…
Q: What role do virulence factors play in the four phases of infection? Describe the infection stage…
A: A disease is an abnormal state of an organism that disrupts biological processes. It might be acute,…
Q: How does knowing the anatomical location of normal microbiota help clinicians diagnose infection?
A: NORMAL MICROBIOTA:- Normal flora local flora of the human body present at several places like on the…
Q: In the United States, where is Lyme disease most prevalent?
A: Introduction Lyme disease is commonly caused by bacterium Borrelia. It is an infectious disease…
Q: Describe the stages in the development and course of an infection.
A: Infectious disease can be defined as a disease that is caused by a pathogen. This pathogen can be a…
Q: Explain three reasons why infection may not occur after microorganisms enter the body? Solve it.
A: Infection is the result of foreign organism in the body. The route of transmission of microorganisms…
Q: What is meant by the terms latent infection, active infection, tubercle, reactivation,…
A: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis and it is first isolated by Robert…
Q: is the pathophysiology of infection?
A: Infection - An infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents…
Q: Can a disease be detected before its symptoms appear?Explain the principal involved.
A: Disease: When an organism’s body system does not work properly or any organ affects by viruses,…
Q: For those non-immunized and have acquired the infection before, is it possible for them to acquire…
A: The immune system is involved in fighting against the antigens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi,…
Q: How Virulence Factors Contribute to Tissue Damage?
A: Virulence factors refer to the molecules generated by pathogens such as viruses, fungi, protozoa,…
Q: Which is a method of transmitting pathogens from one host to another by carrying microorganisms…
A: Regardless of the reservoir, transmission can occur for an infection to spread. First, transmission…
Q: What is the causative agent of Lyme disease and how is it transmitted to humans? What preventative…
A: Lyme disease comes under the category of infectious diseases and is caused by the bacteria Borrelia…
Q: What is a chronic and an infectious disease prevalent in the United States?
A: Chronic diseases are the one's who's condition lasts for year or more than a year, this may require…
Q: What is incubation period of a disease? What are the factors that affect the length of incubation…
A: The common history of an untreated transferable illness has four phases: phase of presentation,…
Q: How does HIV, which at first glance does not appear to be a highly formidable foe, persist in the…
A: HIV, stands for human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus that destructs the immune system that…
Q: How are acute, chronic, and latent infections different from one another?
A: Acute infection are those infections which occur in a relatively short time (rapid onset) (like in…
Q: What is the nature of infectious disease?
A: Pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria , viruses , parasites or fungi, cause infectious…
Q: At what body sites do pathogens typically attach and colonize?
A: Microorganisms or microbes are microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or…
Q: What is the meaning of infective stage, pathogenic stage and diagnostic stage?
A: Infectious biology deals with the pathogens and their mode of infection in the host and the diseases…
Q: what can you say about nature of non-communicable disease based on its cause and effect?
A: Non Communicable disease are diseases which are not transmissible by person to person contact. Non…
Q: What is a virulent disease?
A: A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively effects the structure or function of…
Q: Our environment contains masses of microorganisms, many of which reside as commensal organisms on…
A: There are various kinds of interactions between the different organisms in the ecosystem in order to…
Q: What is the pathogenesis of ALL?
A: ALL is the type of leukemia and its full form is acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is the most common…
Q: Explain the relationship between the infection chain and transmission of infection ?
A: All elements of the infection chain must be present for an infection to occur. Transmission is a…
Q: IF A PERSON IS INFECTED BY THE SAME PATHOGEN A SECOND TIME , why does the person either not get sick…
A: Immunology is the study of the immune system and its response to infections. The immune system…
Q: What are the impacts of disease on the individual, family, economy, society, nation, and the world?
A: Disease an illness of the body in humans, animals or plants. A disease is a particular abnormal…
Q: List the two categories of disease, discuss the differences between the two, and give examples of…
A: The disease is termed as a type of condition which hampers the normal functioning of the body.…
Q: Why are pathogenic disease referred to as transmissible disease?
A: The condition of complete well-being of social, physical, and mental condition is termed as health.…
Q: What are the three things required for an infection to occur? Give an example of each.
A: Under favorable circumstances, pathogenic organisms can gain access into body systems to cause a…
Q: pick two mechanism of disease and briefly describe them
A: The disease can be considered to be a disorder that results in improper function of the host…
Q: why it is important to know the etiology of a disease?
A: Etiology is study of cause or reason behind any things or functions. This word has come from greek…
Q: which of the following choices lists the periods of disease development in the correct order? a.…
A: The five times of sickness (in some cases alluded to as stages or stages) incorporate the hatching,…
Q: Is this a graph of an acute, chronic or latent disease?
A: Diseases are mainly of three types : 1) Acute Disease - This type of a disease has a short term but…
Q: Explain how the body (including cells, organs, organ systems) is affected by the bacterium called…
A: Meningococcal meningitis is a type of meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis (a bacteria). This…
Q: Why is it important to determine whether a patient is suffering from viral or bacterial meningitis?…
A: The central nervous system of the body comprises of the brain and the spinal cord. There is a…
Q: What is major difference between an endemic disease and an epidemic?
A: Answer: EPIDEMIC : It is the spread of disease within a population , region and a community. ENDEMIC…
Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? (b) In terms of quantity of pathogen, in what way are these periods different? (c) What initiates the period of decline?
Period of Illness - It the period when signs and symptoms of disease are Markable or severe
Period of Decline - The period at which no of pathogens are decreased and signs and symptoms of disease are declined.
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- Opportunistic infections are often the proximal (most direct) cause of death in individuals with immune systems that have been compromised. A) true B) false40. During a period of 24 hours, a 25-year-old man has an upper respiratory infection with features of the common cold. Which of the following viral or host factors is most critical in the initial establishment of the infection? A) Activation of latent virus within epithelial cells B) Inhibition of inflammatory mediators C) Inhibition of synthesis of IgA antibodies D) Lysis of CD8+ T lymphocytes EDPresence of viral receptor molecules on epithelial cellsHow does a latent infection differ from a chronic infection?
- The chemical compound that the body uses to identify something as foreign and a potential invader is referred to as a(n) ____________________. A) Toxoid B) Antibody C) Antigen D) ImmunoglobulinCh. 5: Which of the following is FALSE about tuberculosis? a) it is caused by a bacterial infection b) it may be treatable and curable by antibiotics c) it activates Type I hypersensitivity d) it can remain dormant in the lungs for many years e) it is transmitted by droplet transmissionAntibodies, complement proteins, and phagocytic cells provide effective protection against all of the following types of infections except: a) Fungi b) Virus-infected cell c) Worms d) Bacteria e) Viruses
- 18) Which of the following relates to inflammation? A) First line of defense B) Second line of defense C) Third line of defense D) vasoconstriction E) adaptive defense40) After receiving a vaccination, the patient is likely to feel ill, to include fever, malaise, and nausea. What is the explanation of these symptoms? A) The vaccine contains compounds that are toxic to the body. B) The vaccine activates the immune system, causing the body temperature to rise and lowering energy delivery to other body systems. C) The patient has contracted the illness for which they were immunized. D) Doctors do not know why patients feel ill after immunization because the symptoms do not make sense.Which of the following is not a part of the inflammation process? a) Intracellular gaps in vessels that allow passage of large proteins Ob) Dilation of vessels c) Increased permeability of vessels d) Contraction of vascular smooth muscle e) Increased blood flow
- A_____is an observable effect of a disease, while a_____isan effect of a disease felt by the infected person. A_____is agroup of signs and symptoms that occur together.(a) Syndrome; sign; symptom(b) Syndrome; symptom; sign(c) Sign; symptom; syndrome(d) Symptom; sign; syndrome(e) Sign; syndrome; symptomWhat is the role of histamine in inflammation? A)Histamine increases the volume of blood flow in the area of the infection. B)All these choices are correct. C)Histamine signals to neutrophils to migrate to the site of infection. D)Histamine makes it easier for neutrophils to move from the bloodstream to the site of infection.Which of the following infectious disease stages ismismatched?(a) Convalescent period—tissue damage is repaired andpatient strength returns(b) Decline phase—host defenses are overwhelmed bypathogen(c) Incubation period—time between infection and onsetof signs and symptoms(d) Invasive phase—individual experiences typical signsand symptoms of disease(e) Prodromal phase—pathogens begin tissue invasion;marked by nonspecific symptoms