In the urinary system, explain how filtration works in the glomerular capillaries.

Describe how the collecting duct harnesses the medullary osmotic gradient to concentrate urine. Name the hormone involved in this process and a stimulus for its release.

If sympathetic nervous system stimulation to the kidney decreases __________________ dilate, glomerular filtration rate ____________________ , ____________________ increase, resulting in ____________________ in blood volume and blood pressure A) Glomeruli; goes up; potassium ion and water output; decrease B) Afferent arterioles; goes up; sodium ion and water output; decrease C) Efferent arterioles; goes down, sodium ion and water output; increase D) Collecting ducts; goes down; ammonium ion and sodium ion outputs; increase E) None of these answers is correct

In the condition renal artery stenosis, the renal arteries narrow and become hardened. a How would this affect the amount of blood flowing to the kidney? How would it affect the glomerular filtration rate? Why?