In the process of concentrating orange juice, the original juice (A) contains 12% solids and 88% water, while the concentrated juice produced must contain 42% solids (B). Initially, a direct evaporation process was used for the concentration, but the volatile constituents of the juice evaporated together with the water, producing a tasteless concentrate. The present process circumvents this problem by means of a bypass current, which is mixed with the evaporator output current. The evaporator outlet current is known to consist of 58% solids, by mass. Calculate for a feed of 1000 kg/h of original juice: a) The amount of concentrated juice produced (B) b) The flow rate of the feed that deviates from the evaporator (D) c) The flow into the evaporator (C)

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Hazard Analysis and Design in Chemical Engineering

Hazard is the intrinsic property of a material or process which harms the people, buildings, or environment. Health, safety, hazard, risk assessment, loss prevention, and environmental consideration play an important role while designing a chemical processing plant. Hazard is often confused with risk. Risk measures the magnitude of loss and injury of likelihood incidents or the consequence and frequency of incidents.