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Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is used in refinery operations by flooding a bed of rocks with a surfactant solution. In doing so, the oil-in-place in difficult-to-extract bedrocks can be extracted with ease. However, one issue with EOR is the formation of ice crystals due to extremely low temperatures in seabed conditions. These ice crystals can cause the eventual growth of solid ice, which can damage oil pipelines. Suppose a 10 wt.% sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaC12H25SO4) dissolved in water is used for this purpose. The solution is pumped in a pipeline to the seabed, where ocean temperature is typically at -1 °C. Will this surfactant solution freeze? The cryoscopic constant (Kf) of water is 1.86 K/m.

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is used in refinery operations by flooding a bed of rocks with a surfactant solution. In doing so, the oil-in-place in difficult-to-extract bedrocks can be extracted with ease. However, one issue with EOR is the formation of ice crystals due to extremely low temperatures in seabed conditions. These ice crystals can cause the eventual growth of solid ice, which can damage oil pipelines. Suppose a 10 wt.% sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaC12H25SO4) dissolved in water is used for this purpose. The solution is pumped in a pipeline to the seabed, where ocean temperature is typically at -1 °C. Will this surfactant solution freeze? The cryoscopic constant (Kf) of water is 1.86 K/m.

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is used in refinery operations by flooding a bed of rocks with a surfactant solution. In doing so, the oil-in-place in difficult-to-extract bedrocks can be extracted with ease. However, one issue with EOR is the formation of ice crystals due to extremely low temperatures in seabed conditions. These ice crystals can cause the eventual growth of solid ice, which can damage oil pipelines. Suppose a 10 wt.% sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaC12H25SO4) dissolved in water is used for this purpose. The solution is pumped in a pipeline to the seabed, where ocean temperature is typically at -1 °C. Will this surfactant solution freeze? The cryoscopic constant (Kf) of water is 1.86 K/m.
Transcribed Image Text:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is used in refinery operations by flooding a bed of rocks with a surfactant solution. In doing so, the oil-in-place in difficult-to-extract bedrocks can be extracted with ease. However, one issue with EOR is the formation of ice crystals due to extremely low temperatures in seabed conditions. These ice crystals can cause the eventual growth of solid ice, which can damage oil pipelines. Suppose a 10 wt.% sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaC12H25SO4) dissolved in water is used for this purpose. The solution is pumped in a pipeline to the seabed, where ocean temperature is typically at -1 °C. Will this surfactant solution freeze? The cryoscopic constant (Kf) of water is 1.86 K/m.
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