In humans, hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disease, and the gene is located on the X chromosome. A man with hemophilia marries a woman with hemophilia. What is the probability of a daughter they have been a hemophiliac?

Hemophilia is determined by genes on the X chromosome in humans. Assume that a phenotypically normal woman whose father had hemophilia is married to a normal man. 1) What is the probability that their first son will have hemophilia?  2) What is the probability that their first daughter  will have hemophilia?

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is an X-linked recessive disease. A couple is wanting to have a child. The to-be-mother knows that her mother was a carrier. The to-be-father doesn't have DMD. What is the probability that the couple has a son with DMD? And what is the probability that the couple has a daughter with DMD? O ½ and 4 O 4 and 4 O ½ and 0 O 4 and 0 O 4 and 1/2

Achondroplasia, is characterized by difficulty converting cartilage to bone and thus results in shortened limbs. This trait is autosomal dominant. (A = achondroplasia allele; a = average height allele.) A husband and wife both have achondroplasia. The couple have a total 12 living children: 6 boys and 6 girls.  The husband is colorblind, which is an X-linked recessive trait, and the wife believes there is a chance she is a carrier of colorblindness, since that trait runs in her family. One of the couple’s daughters and three of their sons are colorblind.  (Xc = colorblindness allele; XC = normal color vision allele.) A. Is the mother a carrier of  the colorblindness allele? Please explain the meaning of the term "carrier", and answer this question, based upon all of the information provided.