In HIV, helper T cells are affected. Describe how this impacts both the humoral and cell- mediated immune system. Why would an ordinary cold virus be dangerous to an AIDS patient?

Q: The figure below shows antibodies bound to repetitive epitopes on the surface of a bacterial…

A: Answer: Antibody Antigen reaction : Antibodies are the peptide Y shaped structure which are produced…

Q: How can an extracellular bacterium be targeted by a particular T cell response? Describe the…

A: T cells (also called T lymphocytes) are one of the major components of the adaptive immune system.…

Q: Interferons are primarily produced in response to infection with which pathogen type? Group of…

A: Introduction :-   Interferons are synthetic analogues of proteins produced by your body. These…

Q: Shigella, Mycobacterium, and numerous other pathogens have developed mechanisms that prevent them…

A: Pathogens have developed several methods to evade the immune mechanisms of the host. Evasion of the…

Q: How can an intracellular virus be targeted by a particular T cell response? Describe the mechanism…

A: Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against foreign antigen in order to prevent any…

Q: This year, SARS-COV-2 strains have been reported to have mutated in the body of an immunocompromised…

A: There may be now clear evidence of altered antigenicity of SARS- CoV-2 spike protein and amino acid…

Q: Briefly list three mechanisms by which monoclonal antibodies that bind to viruses or virally…

A: Microscopically small infectious organisms known as viruses can only replicate inside the cells of…

Q: Yescarta therapy involves the patient receiving modified T-cells from a member of their family. Is…

A: Modified T cells, also known as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells), are utilized to…

Q: Vijay Kumar, a 19-year-old male who had emigrated to the United States from South India two years…

A: Allergic contact dermatitis/ACD is an acute condition that develops as the skin comes in contact…

Q: The GREEN line on the graph represents which of the following in the course of an infection with HIV…

A: AIDS It refers to Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome which is a life- threatening disease, caused by…

Q: levels of antibody to SARS-CoV2 has been used to treat patients with severe COVID-19. What is ONE…

A: The innate immune responses are the first line of defense against invading pathogens. They are also…

Q: When an antibody binds to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, it may block access of the spike protein…

A: Our immune system is  strong enough to fight with the viruses as well as bacteria. Their Prime…

Q: Approximately 70% of the body’s immune system cells are located in or near the wall of the lower…

A: The immune system comprises several types of cells. They can be categorized as B-lymphocytes,…

Q: Complement is an integral part of the innate immune response to bacteria . One of its mechanisms of…

A: The complement system is made up of about 30 serum proteins and glycoproteins. It plays an important…

Q: Adaptive Immunity Briefly describe the adaptive immune response to Canine Parvovirus .

A: Adaptive immunity is likewise referred to as acquired immunity or particular immunity and is only…

Q: A researcher performs an experiment where he infects 2 mice (Mouse A and Mouse B) with herpes…

A: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is known for its invasiveness against immune response. Major…

Q: what type of immunity is responsible for aggulutination of viruses

A:

Q: What happens in the thymus? Propose an explanation that the changes in the thymus makes senior…

A: The thymus selects T cells that can identify and combat invading pathogens while eradicating those…

Q: You are a nurse caring for a patient with a pulmonary (lung) mold infection, The mold represents a…

A: Please Note: Hi! Thanks for your question. As you have posted multiple questions and have not…

Q: interferons and of NK cells in fighting viruses

A: Neutral Killer cells or NK cells are a type of Lymphocyte apart from the very well known T and B…

Q: Describe the main functions of B cells. What are the main five classes of antibodies, and their…

A: B-cells, which are important immune system regulators, produce antibodies, antigen-presenting cells,…

Q: HIV can be treated with therapy, but there is a growing in the level of innate  immune activation…

A: Inanate immune system constitute first line of defense to HIV virus, paatern of association is the…

Q: Using the figure shown below, briefly explain the relationship between levels of HIV viral RNA,…

A: HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system, such as helper T cells specifically CD4+ T…

Q: Pathogenic organisms cause damage to the host by a variety of mechanisms, depending on the category…

A: The immune system is the defense system that helps in the prevention and destruction of foreign…

Q: Contrast the extracellular and intracellular phases of immune responses to viruses, discussing the…

A: Ans: The extracellular and intracellular are the two phases of the immune response against bacteria…

Q: which type of t-cells is specifically targeted by HIV

A: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a causative agent for the development of AIDS. Once entered,…

Q: A recently emerged virus has been transmitting and mutating rapidly in humans throughout the world.…

A: * Viruses can transmit and replicate faster and can multiply their genome within seconds if host is…

Q: These are released by host cells in response to viral stimulation. Some act to prevent viral…

A: Introduction  A virus is an infectious microorganism made up of a protein-coated segment of nucleic…

Q: Explain one mechanism of antibody action against viruses.

A: 1. The viruses are internalized by the macrophages by phagocytosis.  2. Then they process the virus…

Q: The envelope protein gp120 (Glycoprotein 120) is required for the attachment of the HIV virus to CD…

A: CD4 receptor is Cluster of differentiation 4 which is a glycoprotein that serves as a co receptor…

Q: Which two types of immune cells can viruses avoid if they present “fake” MHC class I molecules when…

A: The immune system is defined as a complex network or system of cells and proteins that will defend…

Q: Antibodies play a critical role in the prevention of infection by the specific viruses the antibody…

A: Immunity is a phenomenon which develop inside the body of an organism in order to combat from the…

Q: Natural immunity occurs without a vaccine, just by exposure to a particular stimulus, like the…

A: Introduction  Immunity: it is the capability of our body to fight against the diseases. This is done…

Q: Which of the following mechanisms does HIV use to evade detection by immune responses from T cells…

A: HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a retrovirus that infects human immune cells,…

Q: Briefly discuss how cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and/or innate immunity are impacted in an…

A: Immunity is a property or state of being immune, specifically the ability to fight a disease by…

Q: Select the protein that is incorrectly matched with its location. reverse transcriptase; interior…

A: Introduction :- Throughout a person's lifespan, the function of T cells changes a little. Naive T…

Q: Poison oak and poison ivy, which involve a CD8 cell response, are examples of what type of…

A: Any undesirable reactions that is produced by the usual immune system is known as the…

Q: hy cannot freeze Human Normal Immunoglobulin injection?

A: Immunoglobulin , which is also known as gamma globulin, is a therapeutic preparation which is…

Q: The PAMP recognized by TLR3 is doublestranded RNA (dsRNA). Against which pathogens would TLR3 be an…

A: Antigens are substances that activate the immune system of the body. Antibodies are antigen-binding…

Q: Explain why the type of innate immune response used by the host during an infection is dependent…

A: The ability of an organism to fight against any foreign organism that may try to invade its body, is…

Q: Complement can lead to the formation of the MAC which essentially lyses the target cell. Name…

A: The complement system is the system that is activated against any foreign antigen when it enters…

Q: Must an antigen-presenting cell (dendritic cell, macrophage) be infected with a virus to activate T…

A: There are found a variety of tissue types. Professional antigen-presenting cells, including…

Q: During the primary HIV infection, which of the following cells decreases in number?   T-cells…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that reproduces only inside the living cells of a life…

Q: M/C Which statement is the best with respect to how the mouse activates the interferon (INF) pathway…

A: Based on the graph: Wild-Type Mice: These mice maintain high survival rates, indicating that their…

Q: Name two antigen-presenting cells.  What is their role in the adaptive immune system? Which classes…

A: In immunology the antigen presenting cells presents the antigen to produce an immunological response…

Q: Why does an inactivated vaccine induce only a humoral response, whereas an attenuated vaccine…

A: The immune system in the body act as a defense system. It fights against disease and infection. The…

Q: An antibody binding to an antigen within the body can have which of the following outcomes that…

A: The term 'Antibody' defines certain proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and act against…

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.