In Applied Spectroscopy, the infrared reflectance spectra properties of a viscous liquid used in the electronics industry as a lubricant were studied. The designed experiment consisted of the effect of band frequency x1 and film thickness x2 on optical density y using a Perkin-Elmer Model 621 infrared spectrometer. (Source: Pacansky, J., England, C. D., and Wattman, R., 1986.) y. 0.231 1.10 0.107 0.053 0.129 0.069 0.62 0.31 1.10 0.62 0.31 1.10 0.62 0.31 1.10 0.62 0.030 1005 0.559 0.321 2.948 1.633 0.934 980 980 1235 1235 1235 0.31 Estimate the multiple linear regression equation.
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- 17.7 Butterfly wings. Researchers studied the morphological attributes of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus), a species that undertakes large seasonal migrations over North America. They measured the forewing weight (in milligrams, mg) of a sample of 92 monarch butterflies, all of which had been reared in captivity in identical conditions.° Figure 17.4 shows the output from the statistical software JMP. (The data are also available in the Large.Butterfly the data file if you wish to practice working with your own software.) Estimate with 95% confidence the mean forewing weight of monarch butterflies reared in captivity. Follow the four- step process as illustrated in Example 17.2. 4 STEP そMP FWweight 30 25 20 15 10 11 12 13 14 15 8 9 10 Summary Statistics Mean 11.795652 Std Dev 1.1759413 Std Err Mean 0.1226004 Upper 95% Mean Lower 95% Mean 1 FIGURE 17.4 Software output (JMP) for the forewing weight of monarch 12.039183 11.552122 92 N. butterflies. CountIn Applied Spectroscopy, the infrared reflectance spectra properties of a viscous liquid used in the electronics industry as a lubricant were studied. The designed experiment consisted of the effect of band frequency x1 and film thickness x2 on optical density y using a Perkin-Elmer Model 621 infrared spectrometer. (Source: Pacansky, J., England, C. D., and Wattman, R., 1986.) y. Q4. 0.231 740 1.10 0.107 0.053 0.129 0.069 0.030 1.005 0.559 0.321 2.948 1.633 0.934 740 740 SO5 805 805 0.62 0.31 1.10 0.62 0.31 1.10 0.62 0.31 1.10 0.62 980 980 980 1235 1235 1235 0.31 Estimate the multiple linear regression equation.Ocean currents are important in studies of climate change, as well as ecology studies of dispersal of plankton. Drift bottles are used to study ocean currents in the Pacific near Hawaii, the Solomon Islands, New Guinea, and other islands. Let x represent the number of days to recovery of a drift bottle after release and y represent the distance from point of release to point of recovery in km/100. The following data are representative of one study using drift bottles to study ocean currents. Σx = 476, Σy = 87.1, Σx2 = 62,290, Σy2 = 2046.87, Σxy = 11121.3,and r ≈ 0.94367. x days 72 76 32 91 205y km/100 14.7 19.6 5.3 11.7 35.8 a) Use a 1% level of significance to test the claim ? > 0.(Use 2 decimal places.)t =critical t= b) Find the predicted distance (km/100) when a drift bottle has been floating for 60 days. (Use 2 decimal places.)________ km/100 c) Find a 90% confidence interval for your prediction of part (d). (Use 1 decimal place.)lower limit = _____…
- The article refered to in Exercise 1 also considered the effect of gypsum on the electric conductivity (in dS m) of soil. Two types of soil were each treated with three different amounts of gypsum, with two replicates for each soil-gypsum combination. The data are presented in the following table. Soil Type Gypsum (g/kg) Las Animas Madera 0.00 1.52 1.05 1.01 0.92 0.27 1.49 0.91 1.12 0.92 0.46 0.9 0.92 0.88 0.92 Is there convincing evidence of an interaction between the amount of gypsum and soil type? Can you conclude that the conductivity differs among the soil types? Can you conclude that the conductivity differs with the amount of gypsum added? C.The Turbine Oil Oxidation Test (TOST) and the Rotating Bomb Oxidation Test (RBOT) are two different procedures for evaluating the oxidation stability of steam turbine oils. An article reported the accompanying observations on x = TOST time (hr) and y = RBOT time (min) for 12 oil specimens. TOST RBOT 4200 370 TOST RBOT 3575 3750 3700 340 375 315 4050 350 4870 4475 3450 400 375 285 (a) Calculate the value of the sample correlation coefficient. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 2795 195 2725 3750 220 345 3275 290 Interpret the value of the sample correlation coefficient. O The value of r indicates that there is a strong, negative linear relationship between TOST and RBOT. O The value of r indicates that there is a strong, positive linear relationship between TOST and RBOT. O The value of r indicates that there is a weak, negative linear relationship between TOST and RBOT. O The value of r indicates that there is a weak, positive linear relationship between TOST and RBOT. (b) How…The Turbine Oil Oxidation Test (TOST) and the Rotating Bomb Oxidation Test (RBOT) are two different procedures for evaluating the oxidation stability of steam turbine oils. An article reported the accompanying observations on x = TOST time (hr) and y = RBOT time (min) for 12 oil specimens. TOST 4200 3600 3750 3650 4050 2770 RBOT 370 345 375 315 350 205 TOST 4870 4525 3450 2700 3750 3325 RBOT 400 380 285 220 345 290 (a) Calculate the value of the sample correlation coefficient. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) r = Carry out a test of hypotheses to decide whether RBOT Time and TOST time are linearly related. (Use ? = 0.05.) Calculate the test statistic and determine the P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to three decimal places.) t = P-value =
- The Turbine Oil Oxidation Test (TOST) and the Rotating Bomb Oxidation Test (RBOT) are two different procedures for evaluating the oxidation stability of steam turbine oils. An article reported the accompanying observations for x = TOST time (hr) and y = RBOT time (min) for 12 oll specimens. 3625 3750 3700 4050 2770 4870 4500 3450 2675 3750 3300 TOST 4200 RBOT 370 340 375 305 350 205 400 370 285 230 345 285 (a) Calculate the value of the sample correlation coefficient. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) Interpret the value of the sample correlation coefficient. The value of r indicates that there is a weak, positive linear relationship between TOST and RBOT. The value of r indicates that there is a strong, negative linear relationship between TOST and RBOT. The value of r indicates that there is a weak, negative linear relationship between TOST and RBOT. The value of r indicates that there is a strong, positive linear relationship between TOST and RBOT. (b) How would the value…Need help with (d) part. Thank you. statistical program is recommended. Electromagnetic technologies offer effective nondestructive sensing techniques for determining characteristics of pavement. The propagation of electromagnetic waves through the material depends on its dielectric properties. The following data, kindly provided by the authors of the article "Dielectric Modeling of Asphalt Mixtures and Relationship with Density,"† was used to relate y = dielectric constant to x = air void (%) for 18 samples having 5% asphalt content. y 4.55 4.49 4.50 4.47 4.47 4.45 4.40 4.34 4.43 4.43 4.42 4.40 4.33 4.44 4.40 4.26 4.32 4.34 x 4.35 4.79 5.57 5.20 5.07 5.79 5.36 6.40 5.66 5.90 6.49 5.70 6.49 6.37 6.51 7.88 6.74 7.08 The following R output is from a simple linear regression of y on x. Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 4.858691 0.059768 81.283 <2e-16 AirVoid −0.074676 0.009923 −7.526 1.21e-06 Residual standard error: 0.03551 on 16 DF Multiple…The Turbine Oil Oxidation Test (TOST) and the Rotating Bomb Oxidation Test (RBOT) are two different procedures for evaluating the oxidation stability of steam turbine oils. An article reported the accompanying observations on x = TOST time (hr) and y = RBOT time (min) for 12 oil specimens. TOST 4200 3600 3750 3650 4050 2795 RBOT 370 340 375 310 350 205 TOST 4870 4500 3450 2700 3750 3275 RBOT 400 375 285 225 345 290 (a) Calculate the value of the sample correlation coefficient. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
- The Turbine Oil Oxidation Test (TOST) and the Rotating Bomb Oxidation Test (RBOT) are two different procedures for evaluating the oxidation stability of steam turbine oils. An article reported the accompanying observations for x = TOST time (hr) and y = RBOT time (min) for 12 oil specimens. TOST 4200 3575 3750 3700 4050 2770 4870 4475 3450 2700 3750 3325 RBOT 370 345 375 310 350 205 400 375 285 220 345 280 (a) Calculate the value of the sample correlation coefficient. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)r = Interpret the value of the sample correlation coefficient. The value of r indicates that there is a strong, negative linear relationship between TOST and RBOT.The value of r indicates that there is a weak, positive linear relationship between TOST and RBOT. The value of r indicates that there is a strong, positive linear relationship between TOST and RBOT.The value of r indicates that there is a weak, negative…The article "Oxidation State and Activities of Chromium Oxides in Cao-SiO,-CrO, Slag System" (Y. Xiao, L. Holappa, and M. Reuter, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2002:595-603) presents the amount x (in mole percent) and activity coefficient y of CrO,5 for several specimens. The data, extracted from a larger table, are presented in the following table. х У 2.6 10.20 5.03 19.9 8.84 0.8 6.62 5.3 2.89 20.3 2.31 39.4 7.13 5.8 3.40 29.4 5.57 2.2 7.23 5.5 2.12 33.1 1.67 44.2 5.33 13.1 16.70 0.6 9.75 2.2 2.74 16.9 2.58 35.5 1.50 48.0 Compute the least-squares line for predicting y from x. b. Plot the residuals versus the fitted values. Compute the least-squares line for predicting y from 1/x. d. Plot the residuals versus the fitted values. C. Using the better fitting line, find a 95% confidence interval for the mean value of y when x= 5.0.Soil samples were collected at two areas surrounding an abandoned mine and analyzed for lead. At each area several samples were taken. The soil was extracted with acid, and the extract was analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In Area A, Pb concentrations were 1.2, 1.0, 0.9, 1.4 mg/kg. In Area B, Pb concentrations were 0.7, 1.0, 0.5, 0.6, 0.4 mg/kg. Are these two areas significantly different from each other with Pb concentrations at 90% confidence level?