In an isentropic process, the entropy is a constant. By using a schematic diagram, indicate the isentropic process(es) in a typical Carnot Cycle. Explain why they are isentropic.

Two moles of an ideal gas undergo an irreversible isothermal expansion fromVa=100 liters to Vb=300 liters at T=300K.(a)  What is the entropy change for this process?(b) What is the Gibbs free energy change?(c) Is this process spontaneous or not? Explain your answer.

Analyze a Carnot cycle for an ideal gas, and show explicitly using the equation ofstate of the ideal gas and the First Law of Thermodynamics that:Q1Q2=T1T2: (1)where Q1 is the heat rejected by the system at the lower temperature, and Q2 is theheat added to the system at the higher temperature. Note that both Q1 and Q2 aredefined as positive here. You should evaluate the heat added to and rejected by thesystem along the isothermal paths of the Carnot cycle.

Topic: Thermodyamics (also included in Chem). Please explain what the Carnot cycle or a heat engine is about step by step.

Suppose a heat engine design makes a square on a PV diagram, using a monatomic gas. The high pressure is 3P and low pressure is P. The high volume is 3V and low volume is V. What is the efficiency of the heat engine?

a) A thermal engine operates between reservoirs of 280K and 370K. Compute its maximum thermal efficiency. b) A refrigerator operates between reservoirs of the 290K and 370K. What would the temperature of the hot reservoir need to be in order to double its coefficient of performance, assuming it was operating as a Carnot cycle? C) A Carnot engine is operating with a cold reservoir at 290K. What temperature is required for the hot reservoir in order that the engine has an efficiency of 30% ? d) Each cycle, a refrigerator passes 150J to the hot reservoir while doing 71J work. What is its coefficient of performance?

An engineer decided to design a hybrid engine half-way between the Carnot and Otto Cycles based on using 35 moles of a diatomic gas. It features (a) an adiabatic expansion for power, (b) an isothermal compression to reset, and (c) an isovolumetric temperature injection. Some of the key state values are given on the P-V chart for the transition points between the processes. What is the 1) net work performed by the engine, 2) the amount of heat injected the isovolumetric temperature increase (QH), and 3) based on these values, what is the efficiency of the engine?Solve for other state variables as necessary   How much more efficient would a Carnot engine be acting between these same temperatures?