In an inhibitory GABA-ergic response     GABA binds ligand-gated Cl- channels which causes depolarization of the post-synaptic cell     GABA binds ligand-gated Na+ channels which causes depolarization of the post-synaptic cell     GABA binds ligand-gated Cl- channels which causes hyperpolarization of post-synaptic cell     GABA binds ligand-gated Na+ channels which causes hyperpolarization

What proteins are responsible for membrane potential in section 1 potassium leak channels opening of potassium channels opening of ligand gated sodium channels Na+/K+ Atpase opening of sodium channels

A theoretical drug blocks Na* leak channels - what effect would this have on a neuron's resting membrane potential and why? Would this drug affect the neuron's ability to generate an action potential and why/why not?

Place the following events in chronological order from 1-8: Nat enters the cell, and depolarization occurs to approximately +30 mV. The voltage across the cell membrane is -70 mV, the resting membrane potential. Upon reaching the peak of the action potential, the VG Nat channels are inactivated by the closing of their inactivation gate and the activation gate of each VG K channel opens. VG K channels close by the closing of their activation gate, and the resting membrane potential is gradually restored. An excitatory post-synaptic potential depolarizes the membrane to threshold and the activation gate of VG Nat channels open. Upon returning to the resting membrane potential, VG Na channels are reset by opening of the inactivation gate and the closing of the activation gate. VG K+ channels are slow to close, resulting in an excess of K* efflux and hyperpolarization. Depolarization occurs as K+ flows out of the cell.

Name and describe the roles of key molecules and membrane structures in maintaining axon membrane resting potential of-70 mV Name and describe the roles of key molecules and membrane structures in propagation of axon membrane action potentials during depolarization at +35 mV  Explain why they myelin sheath of white matter neurons allows faster action potential transmission than that of neurons found in gray matter.

Choose all that apply [Na*] + [K'] | + + + + This diagram is a drawing of normal conditions that occur in a neuron's axon (not all details are included). This stage that a living neuron would be in, would show that no positive ions are inside the cell current is traveling down the axon the cell will be at rest once the Na ions enter the cell the cell is at rest Na ions are predominantly outside the cel

Early in an action potential, the inside of the axon becomes less negatively charged relative to the outside, this is called.   Polarization  Depolarization  Hyperpolarization  Repolarization ---------------------------------- Neurotransmitters -gated (ligand gated) ions channels are important for ____, while voltage gated ion channels are important for ____    Communication between neurons; communication within neurons    communication within neurons; Communication between neurons ------------------------------- In gross neuroanatomy we are interested in structures that are NOT visible to the naked eye.  True or false.

Which of the following is FALSE about action potentials?      At resting potential, there are more potassium channels open and most sodium channels are closed.     Depolarization is due to the flow of Na+ out of the axon via voltage-gated Na+ channels.     Hyperpolarization is due to continued loss of K+ from the axon.     During repolarization, K+ flows out of the axon along its concentration gradient.     Resting membrane potential is primarily established by the Na+/K+ pump.

Which statement is true regarding chemical neurotransmission? O An IPSP closer to the soma will diminish the effects of an EPSP on a dendrite Chemical neurotransmission is mediated by gap junctions All neurotransmitter receptors are located on the postsynaptic cell membrane Neurotransmitters remain in the synaptic cleft indefinitely

Describe how an action potential is generated across the axon. Make sure to explain the role of Na+ and K+ channels and pump in this process.