In an experiment with an isolated segment of the ascending loop of Henle, methoxyinulin was added to the perfusate in order to track the volume rate of fluid reabsorbed (R, in nL/min) in the presence or absence of a drug. Based on the following data, what was R? Vin = 2 nL/min Cin = 1000 cpm Cout = 1400 cpm Relevant equations Cin x Vin = Cout x Vout R = Vin - Vout O 1.1 nL/min O 1.0 nL/min O 0.514 nL/min 0.9 nL/min

fetal and Studies of oxygen transport in pregnant mammals show that the O2-saturation curves maternal blood are markedly different when measured under the same conditions. Fetal erythrocytes contain a structural variant of hemoglobin, HbF, consisting of two a and two y (a2 y2), whereas maternal erythrocytes contains HbA (a2 B2). 1. 1.0 HbF +BPG 0.5 E HbA +BPG 2 4 8 10 pO2 (kPa) a. Which hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen under physiological conditions, HbA or HbF? Explain. b. What is the physiological significance of the different O2 affinities?

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Q4- AGENERASE oral solution contains 1.5% amprenavir. A pharmacist wished to change the drug concentration to 5 mg/mL by using a diluent of polyethylene glycols. How many milliliters of the oral solution and how many milliliters of the diluent should be used to prepare 8 fluid ounces of the mixture?

(14) The Ksp of PbCl2 is 1.6 x10-5 at 25°C. What is the concentration of Pb2+ (in M) in an aqueous solution initially containing 0.13 M Na+ and 0.13 M Cl- and now saturated with PbCl2?

Please propose a chromatography-based strategy to purify human insulin proteins that have been expressed in bacterial cells.

1. Ph ОН Н Ill OH Me 0.1 equiv TSOH CHCl3, rt, 30 min 0.1 equiv TsOH CHCl3, reflux, 30 min

3. a) Briefly describe the advantage of using cardiac troponin I over cardiac troponin T in diagnosis of myocardial infarction (a heart attack). b) Enumerate five (05) features of an ideal tumour marker c) List five (05) components each for the following in a urine full report i. Macroscopic analysis of urine II. Microscopic analysis of urine 4. a) Briefly describe how the van den Burgh test is used in assessing serum bilirubin. b) List five (05) biochemical tests used in assessing renal /kidney function. c) Calculate the GFR based on the following biochemical data. 24-hour total urine volume = 1440 ml Serum creatinine concentration = 4 mg/dL == Urine creatinine concentration = 40mg/dL 3

1. Calculate the exact concentration of the stock protein solution in (mg / mL) based on the exact mass of albumin and the volume of the vial used to prepare the broth.     0.4905 g of albumin in 500 mL volumetric flask (mass of protein used to prepare the stock

Topic: Isolation of Crude Ovalbumin from Egg White by Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation (Salting Out)  crude ovalbumin was isolated from egg whites of two medium-sized eggs. Egg whites contain about 88.5% water and about 10% proteins, from which ovalbumin is the major component. The eggs were cracked open, and the egg whites were separated carefully from the yolk. Stirring of the egg whites was done to break up the membrane. This was followed by filtration through cheesecloth, where a clear filtrate was obtained. About 40.0 mL of the filtered undiluted egg white was measured, and 0.10 mL of 1 M acetic acid was slowly added for every 1.0 mL of egg white with constant stirring. A turbid mixture with few amounts of white precipitate may be expected to form. These may be removed by filtering the mixture using a cheesecloth. After filtration, 30.0 mL of the filtrate was obtained, and the solution was brought from 0% to 40% saturation by adding the required amount of powdered ammonium sulfate,…