Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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- Why might the compound shown below act as a transition state analog of phosphoglucose isomerase? A drawing of the normal transition state for this enzyme is needed.arrow_forwardẞ-Calendic acid is an omega-6, conjugated fatty acid that is the all-trans isomer of a-calendic acid. HOOC—CH,CH, CH, CH,CH, CH, Part: 0/2 Part 1 of 2 H C=C H C-H H-C H C=C H CH₂ -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH₂ When this fatty acid is partially hydrogenated with one equivalent of H₂ in the presence of a Pd catalyst, a mixture of constitutional isomers is formed. Modify the given structure to draw one of these possible products.arrow_forwardPlease calculate the number of ATP that can be generated from one molecule of the fatty acid shown below. (Please "explain" your calculation step-by-step) ОНННННННН Н Н Н ПТТТТТТТТТТI но-с-с-с-с-с-с-с-с-с-с-с-с-н | | | | | | | | |.. ННННННННН Н Нarrow_forward
- One example of a stage 3 reaction in the heterotrophic breakdown of food molecules is: the intramitochondrial digestion of fatty acids into carbon dioxide and water the intracellular digestion of glucose monomers into pyruvate the intracellular digestion of some amino acids into NH4+ and pyruvate the extracellular digestion of polypeptides into amino acids the extracellular digestion of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerolarrow_forwardGluconeogenesis uses just the carbon skeleton of amino acids, not fatty acids. So, how does fatty acid oxidation in the liver produce brain fuel? Describe the processes and chemicals that are involved.arrow_forwardThe first step in amino acid catabolism usually involves transamination. Since ammonia is a serious neurotoxin, the body maintains the nitrogen and ammonia balance carefully. Discuss the pathway, organelle and organs involved in maintaining this balance. provide a schematic presentation of the pathway to supplement your discussionarrow_forward
- What is the final reaction in the final round of fatty acid synthase? Acetyl-CoA ACP Transacylase Beta-Ketoacyl- ACP Synthase Beta-Ketoacyl- ACP Dehydrase Palmitoyl thioesterase Malonyl-CoA ACP Transacylase Enoyl-ACP Reductasearrow_forwardHelp filling in the blanks: Pyridoxal phosphate, PLP, is produced from pyridoxine or vitamin B6. PLP is considered a/an [1C/2C/acyl/amino/carboxyl] carrier. In transaminases, PLP forms a [Schiff base/acetal/phosphoanhydride/condensation] with an amino acid and causes the [a- amino/a-carbon/a-carboxyl] to become [electrophilic/nucleophilic] allowing replacement of the amino group on the amino acid with a ketone. PLP is also used by several other enzymes that work on amino acids because in forming a covalent bond with amino acids it provides for an opportunity for nucleophilic attack and because PLP is conjugated, the cofactor is able to [delocalize/transfer/reduce/stabilize] pi electrons in the substrate and thus [stabilize/delocalize/transfer/reduce] the transition state of the reaction. Production of citrulline occurs in the [cytosol/mitochondrial matrix] while the rest of the urea cycle occurs in the [cytosol/mitochondrial matrix]. Urea is produced in the…arrow_forwardNumber 7arrow_forward
- I don't get it at all. I struggled with my homework. Can you help me? Can you help me to explain to me, please?arrow_forwardCan u help me to explain to me, please? I stuggled. I don't understand The a-ketoglutarate that is produced inthe reaction is now free to accept a new quaternary ammonium group from another amino acid in a transamination reaction.arrow_forwardPart B Some nonessential amino acids are synthesized in the body by a simple transamination. The transamination between oxaloacetate, an a-keto acid, and glutamate, a amino acid with the side chain -CH₂CH₂COO proceeds according to the following reaction: OOC-CH₂-C-COO + OOC-CH₂CH₂CH COO OOC-CH₂CH₂-C-COO + amino acid 2 NH₂+ Predict the structure of the amino acid product, indicated by amino acid 2, for the reaction. Draw the molecule on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonds), Atoms, and Advanced Template toolbars. The single bond is active by default. Include all hydrogen atoms and formal charges.arrow_forward
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