Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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In a newly discovered species of Giant Pacific Octopus, long tentacles (L) are dominant to short tentacles (l), strong suction cups (S) are dominant to weak suction cups (s), and brown body color (B) is dominant to red body color (b). A trihybrid test cross was performed between male octopuses that were heterozygous for all three genes, and female octopuses that were homozygous recessive. (You may assume that the dominant alleles exhibit complete dominance.) The results of this cross are shown in the table attached
a) If the three genes are linked, draw a diagram that shows the correct orderof the three genes on the chromosome (with respect to which gene is in the middle) and also LABEL Region I and Region II on your diagram.
b) Calculate the map distances between each of the three genes. Please show the formula used for each calculation, and show ALL calculations. Define which region is your region I and which region is your region II. (For example, please state the region I is between genes x and y, and region II is between genes y and z.)
Transcribed Image Text:**Genetic Phenotype Distribution and Linkage Analysis**
This table represents the observed distribution of various phenotypes, their corresponding numbers, and the genotypes written in linkage phase format for a genetic study. Additionally, this table classifies the recombination events into parental (P), Single Crossovers (SCO I and SCO II), or Double Crossovers (DCO).
| Phenotype | Number | Genotype (Written in linkage phase format) \(xyz/xyz\) | P, SCO I, SCO II, or DCO? |
|----------------------|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------|
| Long, weak, brown | 292 | | |
| Long, strong, brown | 153 | | |
| Short, strong, red | 286 | | |
| Short, weak, red | 139 | | |
| Long, strong, red | 42 | | |
| Long, weak, red | 16 | | |
| Short, weak, brown | 46 | | |
| Short, strong, brown | 12 | | |
**TOTAL: 986**
### Explanation of Columns:
1. **Phenotype**: Describes the observable characteristics of the organisms.
2. **Number**: Indicates the count of organisms exhibiting each phenotype.
3. **Genotype (Written in linkage phase format)**: Shows the genetic composition using a specific notation that reflects heterozygosity at three loci (denoted as \(xyz/xyz\)).
4. **P, SCO I, SCO II, or DCO?**: Classifies the types of genetic recombination observed:
- **P** (Parental): The original combination of alleles without any crossover.
- **SCO I** and **SCO II** (Single Crossovers): Occurs when an exchange happens between one pair of homologous chromosomes.
- **DCO** (Double Crossover): Involves exchanges between two pairs of homologous chromosomes, resulting in more complex genetic recombinations.
### Summary:
This data can be utilized to study genetic linkage, crossover events, and calculate the distance between genes based on the observed frequencies of phenotypes and recombination events.
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