College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305952300
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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In a bicycle race, a rider such as Lance Armstrong (mass = 70 kg) uses energy at a rate of 6.0 W/kg of body mass. If he travels at an average of 11.0 m/s in a 120 km race, how much energy does he expend?
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- What is the minimum energy needed to change the speed of a 1680 kg sports utility vehicle from 18.8 m/s to 44.2 m/s?arrow_forwardFor saving energy, bicycling and walking are far more efficient means of transportation than is travel by automobile. For example, when riding at 11.5 mi/h, a cyclist uses food energy at a rate of about 430 kcal/h above what he would use if merely sitting still. (In exercise physiology, power is often measured in kcal/h rather than in watts. Here 1 kcal = 1 nutritionist's Calorie = 4186 J.) Walking at 3.00 mi/h requires about 250 kcal/h. It is interesting to compare these values with the energy consumption required for travel by car. Gasoline yields about 1.30 x 108 J/gal. (a) Find the fuel economy in equivalent miles per gallon for a person walking. mi/gal (b) Find the fuel economy in equivalent miles per gallon for a person bicycling. mi/galarrow_forwardSuppose that in one year a country produces 2.77 × 10'' kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electrical energy from 4148 hydroelectric plants (1.00 kWh = 3.60 × 10° J). On average, each plant is 90.0% efficient at converting mechanical energy to electrical energy, and the average dam height is 50.0 m. At 2.77 x 10!1 kWh of electrical energy produced in one year, what is the average power output Payg per Pavg W %3D hydroelectric plant? What total mass of water m flowed over the dams during that year? m = kg What was the average mass of water mavg per dam that provided the mechanical energy to generate the electricity? mavg kg What was the average volume of water Vavg per dam that provided the mechanical energy to generate the electricity? (The density of water is 1000 kg/m³.) Vavg m %3D A gallon of gasoline contains 4.50 × 10' J of energy. How many gallons n of gasoline did the 4148 dams save? n = gal MacRook Proarrow_forward
- A student evaluates a weight loss program by calculating the number of times he would need to climb a 11.0 m high flight of steps in order to lose one pound (0.45 kg) of fat. Metabolizing 1.00 kg of fat can release 3.77 ✕ 107 J of chemical energy and the body can convert about 21.8% of this into mechanical energy (the rest goes into internal energy.) (a) How much mechanical energy (in J) can the body produce from 0.450 kg of fat? (b) How many trips up the flight of steps are required for the 56.0 kg student to lose 0.450 kg of fat? Ignore the relatively small amount of energy required to return down the stairs.arrow_forwardA 58-kg pole vaulter running at 10 m/s vaults over the bar. Her speed when she is above the bar is 1.4 m/s. Neglect air resistance, as well as any energy absorbed by the pole, and determine her altitude as she crosses the bar. ____marrow_forwardA girl skateboards with a kinetic energy of 2543.2J. If the girl and skateboard have a total mass of 110kg, what is her speed?arrow_forward
- Scenario: Some Marines are lowering a 170 kg sled loaded with ammunition down a hill, when the rope breaks and the sled begins sliding uncontrolled. Beginning with a speed of 1.9 m/s, the sled loses 4.3 meters of elevation before coming to a stop. Question: How much thermal energy (in joules) was generated in the sled and the hill during the slide?arrow_forwardA 66-kg skier starts from rest at the top of a 1200-m-long trail which drops a total of 230 m from top to bottom. At the bottom, the skier is moving 11 m/s. a) How much energy was dissipated by friction?arrow_forwardIf, in actuality, a 750-kg car with an initial speed of 116 km/h is observed to coast up a hill and stops at a height 24.5 m above its starting point, how much thermal energy was generated by friction in J?arrow_forward
- Suppose that the breakfast of a typical 65 kg adult gives him 1.85 x 105 J of energy. How long does he have to do push-ups to burn at least 50 percent of this energy?arrow_forwardBetty, with a mass of 48.5 kilograms, sits on a playground swing that hangs 0.354 meters above the ground. Brian pulls the swing back and releases it when the seat is 1.20 meters above the ground. If 144 joules of energy is converted to thermal energy, how fast does Betty move through the lowest position?arrow_forwardA student spends part of his day walking between classes, during which time he expends energy at an average rate of 525 W. The remainder of the day he is sitting in class, studying in library, or resting during break; during these activities, he expends energy at an average rate of 178 W. If he expends a total of 8.3 x10^7 J energy in a 24-hour day, how much of the day did he spend walking?arrow_forward
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