Illustrate the two types of quasi-experiments by following examples? Example #1: Labor market effects of immigration. Example #2: Effects on civilian earnings of military service.
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Illustrate the two types of quasi-experiments by following examples?
Example #1: Labor market effects of immigration.
Example #2: Effects on civilian earnings of military service.
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- A hypothetical study looks at the effect of drinking alcohol on health. Across all genders and age groups, people who do not drink tend to be healthier on average than people who do drink. However, people who drink regularly are on average healthier than those people who have recently stopped drinking. Is it reasonable to conclude that for the sake of health, we should not start drinking, but if we have already started drinking alcohol, it is healthier to continue and not to stop?This is a hypothetical question: You run an RCT and there is imperfect compliance. In general, if you compare the people who actually received treatment to people who didn’t, will you recover the causal effect of treatment? Explain. Is there a situation where if you make this comparison that you would recover the causal effect? Is so, what is it? If not, why not? Thank you very much!Research Question 2: For patients recovering from Alcohol Use Disorder, are therapist-led follow up sessions (TFS) more effective in preventing relapse than Alcoholics Anonymous meetings (AA)? State the alternative hypothesis for this study.
- Study 1: A study of 300 high school students was done. Half of them were instructed to drink soda every day. The other half was instructed to not drink soda at all. After one month, the half that were drinking soda had gained an average of five pounds more than the half that did not drink soda. e. How could this study be changed to make it a double-blind study?What would be my research hypothesis for this scenario?More and more households are struggling to pay utility bills given high heating costs. Particularly hard hit are households with homes heated with propane or heating oil. Many of these households are spending twice as much to stay warm this winter compared to those who heat with natural gas or electricity. A representative sample of 500 households was taken to investigate if the type of heating influences whether or not a household is delinquent in paying its utility bill. The following table reports the results. (see image attached) a. What is the probability that a randomly selected household uses heating oil? b. What is the probability that a randomly selected household is delinquent in paying its utility bill? c. What is the probability that a randomly selected household uses heating oil and is delinquent in paying its utility bill? d. Given that a household uses heating oil, what is the probability that it is delinquent in paying its utility bill? e. Given that a household is…
- For 25 years, Arthur Reynolds and Judy Temple tracked more than 1,400 children who participated in a publicly funded early childhood development program beginning at age 3. They found that children who participated in the program showed higher levels of educational attainment, socioeconomic status, and job skills, as well as lower rates of substance abuse, felony arrest, and incarceration, than those who did not receive school-based early education. One possible theory for the success of this program is that improving school readiness improved the children's success in school. The improved success in school in turn improved their readiness for adulthood, resulting in increased job skills and socioeconomic status as well as lower rates of substance abuse.For 25 years, Arthur Reynolds and Judy Temple tracked more than 1,400 children who participated in a publicly funded early childhood development program beginning at age 3. They found that children who participated in the program showed higher levels of educational attainment, socioeconomic status, and job skills, as well as lower rates of substance abuse, felony arrest, and incarceration, than those who did not receive school-based early education. One possible theory for the success of this program is that improving school readiness improved the children's success in school. The improved success in school in turn improved their readiness for adulthood, resulting in increased job skills and socioeconomic status as well as lower rates of substance abuse. What is the independent and dependent variable?QUESTION 2 You have been hired by “Indo,” the new Indonesian automobile manufacturer to build a model of U.S. car prices in order to help the company undercut U.S. prices. Allowing Friedmaniac zeal to overwhelm any patriotic urges, you build the following model of the price of 35 different American-made 2016 U.S. sedans (standard errors in parentheses): Model A: P₁ = 9.0+ 0.28W; + 1.2T; + 5.8C, + 0.19L₁ (0.07) (0.4) (2.9) (0.20) R² = .92 where: Pi = the list price of the ith car (thousands of dollars) Wi= the weight of the ith car (hundreds of pounds) Ti = a dummy equal to 1 if the ith car has an automatic transmission, 0 otherwise Ci= a dummy equal to 1 if the ith car has cruise control, 0 otherwise Li = the size of the engine of the ith car (in liters) a. Your firm's pricing expert hypothesizes positive signs for all the slope coefficients in Model A. Test her expectations at the 5-percent level. b. What econometric problems appear to exist in Model A? In particular, does the size of…
- In the Preview for this Chapter, we discussed a study by McGee and Shevlin (2009) demonstrating that an individual’s sense of humor had a significant effect on how the individual was perceived by others. In one part of the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a potential romantic partner. The fictitious male was described positively and, for one group of participants, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. Another group of female students read the same description except it now said that he has no sense of humor. After reading the description, each participant was asked to rate the attractiveness of the man on a seven-point scale from 1 (very unattractive) to 7 (very attractive) with a score of 4 indicating a neutral rating. a. The females who read the “great sense of humor” description gave the potential partner an average attractiveness score of M = 4.53 with a standard deviation of s = 1.04. If the sample consisted of n = 16…Question 4Beachcomber Ltd in a local car dealership that sells used and new vehicles. The manager of thecompany wants to know how different variables affect the sales of his vehicles. A random sample ofyearly data was taken with the view to testing the model:SALES=?+?AGE+?MIL+?ENGWhere SALES= amount that a vehicle is sold for($000’s), AGE = age of the vehicle, MIL= the totalmileage of the vehicle at the point of sale and ENG = the size of the engine. The sample of data wasprocessed using MINITAB and the following is an extract of the output obtained: d) Hence test whether ? is significant. Give reasons for your answer. e) Perform the F Test making sure to state the null and alternative hypothesis. f) Given an interpretation of the term “R-sq” and comment on its value.Question 4Beachcomber Ltd in a local car dealership that sells used and new vehicles. The manager of thecompany wants to know how different variables affect the sales of his vehicles. A random sample ofyearly data was taken with the view to testing the model:SALES=?+?AGE+?MIL+?ENGWhere SALES= amount that a vehicle is sold for($000’s), AGE = age of the vehicle, MIL= the totalmileage of the vehicle at the point of sale and ENG = the size of the engine. The sample of data wasprocessed using MINITAB and the following is an extract of the output obtained:The regression equation is *****Predictor Coef StDev t-ratio p-valueConstant 1.7586 0.2525 6.9648 0.0000AGE 0.2124 0.3175 * 0.5042MIL -0.7527 0.3586 -2.0991 **ENG 4.8124 0.6196 7.7664 0.0000Analysis of VarianceSource DF SS MS F pRegression 3 413.1291 138.7097 *** 0.00Error 50 457.7607 2.2888Total 53a) What is dependent and independent variables? b) Fully write out the regression equation c) Fill in the missing values ‘*’, ‘**’, and ‘***’.…