If we use ribulose-5-phosphate that has been labeled with 14C isotope at the Carbon 1 position in the carbon reactions (of the Calvin Cycle), on which carbon of 3-PG should we see the labeled C atom appear? Explain.

3) The overall reaction for photosynthesis is: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP C6H₁2O6+ 60₂ (or more accurately 2x C₂H603) a. On this diagram identify where each of these reactants and products are found. b. Why don't you see the water or oxygen in this diagram? C. We can find the electrons from the water on here, where are they? Figure 8.17-3 3 ADP My 32ATP W 3P Phase 3: Regeneration of RuBP RuBP Input 3 as 3 CO₂ Rubisco 5000℗ G3P 300dogoe P 6000℗ 3-Phosphoglycerate Calvin Cycle Phase 1: Carbon fixation 600 10000 G3P Output 6 P G3P 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 6 ATP 6 ADP 6 P₁ 6 NADP+ Glucose and other organic compounds 6 NADPH Phase 2: Reduction

How is ATP and hydrogen atoms used in the dark reaction? That is, what are these products for (or what exactly is the dark reaction “trying to accomplish” and how are the two products of the light reaction used for this purpose)?

Y Explain and show why phosphoenolpyruvateis a high-energy compound.

Selenium is generally considered a toxic element. (It is the active component of loco weed.) However, there is growing evidence that selenium is also an essential trace element. Because glutathione peroxidase activity is crucial to the protection of red blood cells against oxidative stress, a selenium deficiency can damage red blood cells. Although sulfur is in the same chemical family as selenium, it cannot be substituted. Can you explain why? [Hint: Selenium is more easily oxidized than sulfur.] Is sulfur or selenium a better scavenger for oxygen when this gas is present in trace amounts?

Use numbers 1 to 5 to identify each carbon atom in the product of this reaction. What coenzyme is involved?

Scheme 1: CH3 HNO,/ H,SO, NaOCI CH, HO, CH,OH / H* NO, HNO, / H,SO, NaOC1 OCH HNO,7 H,SO, он но NO2 NO2 CH,OH / H* OCH 3 CH,OH/H* NO2 1. You decide to perform step three of the green pathway first. You start with 1.81 g of the starting material. After the reaction is complete, you weigh 1.18 g of the product, which is a dry solid. What is the percent yield for the third step of the green pathway? Show all of your work!

guanosine and a water bind in the active site, does not matter in which order. The scissile N-1 glycosidic bond between the anomeric carbon and N9 of the base is broken resulting in an oxocarbenium transition state. The leaving group electrons are not protonated, but instead swing up to form a double bond between N9 and C8. The double bond that is already present on the purine swings out on N7 and is protonated by an active site histidine acting as a general acid. An active site aspartate acts as a general base, and deprotonates the water substrate molecule. The deprotonated water is then free to attack the transition state in a manner that will generate an αribose. Draw the active site and show how the mechanism works. You will need to draw 3 or 4 different active site “snap-shots” to show the entire process. Be sure to clearly show the transition state and how it might be stabilized

Which structure below shows the placement of the hydroxyl groups of the other carbons that form part of the pyranose ring? H он но OH H он он он он он он H он он I-

The psicose (left part) should have the bridging oxygen bond come from carbon 1 and the OH should be left on carbon 2. The "other" possibility was putting the mannose on the left side, and the psicose on the right - how would this be drawn?