Q: A hypothetical cell has a higher concentration of sodium ions outside the cell than inside the cell…
A: A solution is said to be a homogeneous mixture of two or more components in any one phase(solid,…
Q: under what circumstances does diffusion and bulk flow work most efficiently?
A: Bulk flow ; Bulk flow is long distance transport of entire fluid in same direction. It is driven by…
Q: What is the relationship between concentration gradient and active and passive transport?
A: The concentration gradient is the difference in the concentration of a substance across the…
Q: List the major factors that can cause the net movement of ions across a membrane?
A: Introduction: Transmembrane proteins play an important role in transporting ions across the…
Q: What is receptor-mediated transport? Explain.
A: Different molecules are transported from one cell to another. The movement of molecules across the…
Q: How do solvents or temperature affect membrane permeability?
A: Biological membranes cover the cells and maintain their interior.
Q: Why does presence of cholesterol enhance the membrane fluidity?
A: Introduction - There is multiple factors that result in membrane Fluidity. First, the mosaic…
Q: How do neutral solutes move across the plasma membrane? Can the polar molecules also move across it…
A:
Q: How do neutral solutes move across the plasma membrane? Can the polarmolecules also move across it…
A: The plasma membrane separates the cell from the external environment and it controls the movement of…
Q: What is the result of opening a membrane ion channel?
A: Ion channels are the proteins in the membrane of all living cells that provide a passage to the…
Q: What is the primary difference between passive and active transport in terms of concentration…
A: The primary difference between passive and active transport in terms of concentration gradient is:…
Q: What might determine the value for the maximal flux of a mediated transport?
A: Through these ion channels, the other molecules like glucose and amino acid cannot cross the…
Q: What is membrane fluidity?
A: Membrane can be defined as the thin layer which surrounds the living cell. The internal components…
Q: what happens to cells when the concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes across the cell membrane are…
A: Solutes can be penetrating or non-penetrating based on their ability to cross the membrane present…
Q: Define the term Extracellular solute concentration?
A: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. It carries out various functions in…
Q: Explain how tonicity relates to the direction of water movement across a membrane.
A: All the cells have a membrane surrounding their organelles which allow support, protection and…
Q: What determine the direction in which net diffusion of a nonpolar molecule will occur?
A: Diffusion is the random movement of molecules and has a net direction towards region of lower…
Q: Why is ATP required for active transport
A:
Q: The comparison of the simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport are shown in the…
A: Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower…
Q: How does the intensity of simple diffusion vary in relation to the concentration gradient of the…
A: * simple diffusion is movement of molecules through a cell membrane without using any channels and…
Q: which are the general features of diffusion of solutes in the water?
A: Introduction As the cell is bounded by the membranous structure which do not allow the molecules to…
Q: How does the size of a solute affect the rate of diffusion?
A: Diffusion can be defined as the movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a…
Q: Are symporters and antiporters always involved in active transport? Can't both solutes move in the…
A: The cell uses active transport, that takes energy derived from ATP, to move molecules against the…
Q: Calculate the effective quantity (g) of sodium chloride related to tonicity in 100ml of an…
A: Intravenous (IV) fluid is referred to as the liquid that is administered into the body of the…
Q: How do neutral solutes moves across the plasma membrane?
A: The plasma membrane (also called cell membrane) is the outermost layer of the cell and regulates the…
Q: Where do random motion and active transport occur in cells? How do the velocities of vesicles moving…
A: Vesicles are small structures made up of a lipid bilayer with a liquid inside. These are found…
Q: What process can move a solute against its concentration gradient?
A: In biology, the collection of mechanisms which regulate the movement of solutes like ions and small…
Q: Whereas electrical currents are carried by electrons in copper wire,they are carried by ions in…
A: In active transport particles are move across a cell membrane from a lower concentrations to higher…
Q: What factors affect the degree of membrane fluidity?
A: The phospholipid bilayer is composed of two layers of lipids. Each lipid contains a hydrophobic tail…
Q: Describe the concentration differences for Na+ and K+that exist across the plasma membrane.
A: The plasma membrane is composed of the phospholipid bilayer. The polar heads of the phospholipids…
Q: What is the function of pressure in osmosis?
A: Movement of molecules or ions across various biological membranes of the cell is a common phenomenon…
Q: In what ways can the net solute flux between two compartments separated by a permeable membrane be…
A: The cell consists of cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and other cellular organelles. The movement of…
Q: What advantages are there to using diffusion as a transport mechanism versus active transport of a…
A: Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport are various physical process by…
Q: a solution is hypotonic relative to a cell, how will water move?
A: colligative properties are those properties which depends upon the number of solute present in…
Q: What is the importance of the concentration gradient in passive transport?
A: Passive transport is a sort of membrane transport that doesn't expect energy to get substances…
Q: How does the lipid solubility affect the permeability of solute through biological membranes
A: Membrane transport can take place actively or passively. In passive transport, molecules transport…
Q: Solution A is hyperosmotic to solution B. If solution A is separatedfrom solution B by a selectively…
A: Osmosis is the process by which there will be a net movement of a solvent through a selectively…
Q: What type of transport is shown?
A: The cell membrane is a structure which protects the cell and acts as a barrier and transports the…
Q: Define diffusion. How does this differ from osmosis?
A: Students are typically asked to compare and contrast osmosis and diffusion. The answer to the…
Q: how are intercellular and extracellular volume related? what determines net water flow (osmosis)?
A: Intracellular volume is defined as the volume of fluids present inside the cell whereas…
Q: What are the similarities and differences between themathematical equation for the rate of simple…
A: Transport of molecules, solutes, or ions occurs via simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and…
Q: What determines the direction in which net diffusion of a nonpolar molecule will occur?
A: Cells, the most fundamental and vital unit of life, are found in all living things. A cell oversees…
Q: For the following modes of transport for membranes, tell whether the flow is with or against…
A: Introduction: The term cell membrane is used synonymously with the plasma membrane. It is 7 to 10 nm…
Q: diffusion and osmosis
A: Diffusion is the process of movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region…
Q: If a concentration gradient exists, solutes will move from high concentration to concentration?
A: Concentration gradient refers to difference in concentration of a substance in two regions.
Q: 5.1 Use a flow diagram to illustrate how the potassium ions channel exerts negative feedback on…
A: An action potential is a shift in electrical potential that is connected with impulse transmission…
If the percent difference is a positive number, what does this tell us about the movement of water across the membrane?
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Assume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to Cl- separates two solutions. The concentration of sodium chloride on side 1 is higher than on side 2. Which of the following ionic movements would occur? a. Na+ would move until its concentration gradient is dissipated (until the concentration of Na+ on side 2 is the same as the concentration of Na+ on side 1). b. Cl- would move down its concentration gradient from side 1 to side 2. c. A membrane potential, negative on side 1, would develop. d. A membrane potential, positive on side 1, would develop. e. None of the preceding is correct.The intracellular salt content of a red blood cell is about 150 mM. The cell is put in a 500 mM salt beaker. (a) Describe what will happen to the cell in terms of osmosis if the cell membrane is permeable to water but not to ions. (b) Which direction would solutes diff use if the membrane was permeable to ions: into or out of the cell?How do neutral solutes move across the plasma membrane? Can the polarmolecules also move across it in the same way? If not, then how are thesetransported across the membrane?
- A red blood cell with an intracellular fluid (ICF) concentration of 280 mmol/L, is placed into an environment were the concentration of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is 305 mmol/L. As a result, water will move across the cell/plasma membrane. a) Name the process by which water moves b) Describe the overall direction of movement of the water. Answer choices: (i) From outside the cell to inside the cell (ii) From inside the cell to outside the cell, or (iii) Equally, into and out of the cell iii Explain your reasoning for your answer to part (c). 1In your answer you must describe the environment on both sides of the membrane, and use 3 of the following 4 terms correctly; hypertonic, hypotonic, lower solute concentration, higher solute concentrationn (2pts -Correct use of biological terminology, and correct spelling is essential. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph BIUA ...In general, what is the relationship between membrane fluidity and membrane permeability?The diffusion coefficient for potassium ions crossing a biological membrane 10 nm thick is 1.0 x 10-11 m2/s. What flow rate of potassium ions will move across an area of 100 nm x 100 nm if the concentration difference across the membrane is 0.5 mol/dm3.
- What determine the direction in which net diffusion of a nonpolar molecule will occur?A membrane separates Solution A and Solution B. The membrane has a permeability of 2 x 105 cm/s to urea and has a surface area of 5 cm2. The concentration of urea in Solution A is 2 mg/mL. The initial rate of net diffusion of urea is 1 x 104 mg/s. What is the concentration of urea in Solution B?How does the Na+–K+pump exchange sodium ions forpotassium ions across the plasma membrane? What aresome purposes served by this pump?
- For most neurons, the extracellular concentration of chloride ions (Cl-) is 108 mM, whilethe intracellular concentration of Cl- is 5 mM.If the plasma membrane becomes more permeable to Cl-, would there be Clinflux or Cl- efflux at an RMP of -70 mV? Why?if an object b has a plasma sodium concentration of 135mOsm/L and an intracellular concentration of 4mOsm/L. It also has a plasma concentration of potassium of 20mOsm/L and an intracellular concentration of 200mOsm/L. studies identify that the cells have a permeability to potassium that is 10 times greater than sodium. What is the resting membrane potentialWhat factors affect the degree of membrane fluidity?