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- Describe the following Alpha gamma coactivation Golgi tendon apparatusThe motor end plate is extensively folded to allow for greater number of what structure? Terminal cisternae Transverse tubules Cholinergic receptors MyofibrilsMuscle spindle structures consist of: Extrafusal muscle fibers and gamma motor neurons Extrafusal muscle fibers and alpha motor neurons Golgi tendon organs and gamma motor neurons Intrafusal muscle fibers and gamma motor neurons
- Could you think of two conditions that can disrupt muscle contraction and results in paralysis? Brief answer, please, to the point.Muscle Physiology Some skeletal muscle fibers are “fast-twitch” fibers (white fibers), and others are “slow-twitch” (red) fibers. Would you expect an athlete proficient in running the 100-yard dash to have a greater proportion of red fibers or white fibers in muscles of the leg? Why? Define the following: Maximal stimulus Threshold stimulus Submaximal stimulus A skeletal muscle can be stimulated, under laboratory conditions, with a supramaximal stimulus. Is it possible for the muscle to respond with a supramaximal contraction? Explain Define a motor unit. Of what physiological advantage is a small motor unit arrangement in skeletal muscle? Explain why a latent period is observed between the application of a stimulus and contraction of the stimulated muscle. Explain, giving two causative factors, why skeletal muscle displays fatigue. Does complete or incomplete tetanus occur physiologically? Explain. Define the following: Isometric contraction Isotonic contraction Optimum length…Slow-twitch (type I/red) fibers have a distinctive feature: fatigue easily relatively low quantities of glycogen relatively low quantities of myoglobin show a fast response relatively low quantities of mitochondria
- hen an action potential arrives at the nerve terminal of a neuromuscular junction, which of the following statements best describes the events that occur? Depolarisation of the nerve terminal causes the release of ACh which activates nicotinic receptors on the skeletal muscle membrane to cause Ca2+ entry and muscle contraction. Depolarisation of the nerve terminal opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ entry brings vesicles containing ACh to the membrane which form fusion pores causing the release of ACh which activates voltage-gated Na+ channels at the end-plate. Depolarisation of the nerve terminal opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ entry brings vesicles containing ACh to the membrane which form fusion pores causing the release of ACh which binds to muscarinic receptors at the end plate. Depolarisation of the nerve terminal opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ entry brings vesicles containing ACh to the membrane which form fusion pores…A motor unit associated with the stimulation of skeletal muscle is designated as a 1:8 motor unit. Which of the following statements is correct? The motor unit consists of one somatic neuron and 8 myofibers (muscle fibers) Each of the myofibers in the motor unit is innervated by more than one neuron It is part of the autonomic nervous system The neuron in the motor unit is an afferent neuronFrom the following choices, choose the THREE, that would result in prevention of muscle contraction (in other words, which three descriptive changes below would result in flaccid paralysis of a muscle). exocytosis of acetylcholine is constant, even without action potential injection of botulinum toxin calcium cannot be pumped back into the terminal cisternae acetylcholine receptor remains open to sodium active sites on actin a permanently exposed dramatically increase the activity of acetylcholinesterase calcium cannot bind troponin
- Action potential enters from adjacent cell. Ca2+ 2 K* 3 Na+ Ca2+ ECF ATP NCX ICF 3 Na+ RyR Ca2+ Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) SR L-type Ca2+ Ca2+ channel Ca2+ stores ATP T-tubule Ca2+ sparks Ca2+ signal Ca2+ Ca2+ Actin eereee 33335 Myosin Contraction Relaxation Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 1. Explain what is going on in steps 1-6. 2. Explain what transport proteins are involved is getting Ca2+ out of the cytosol. 3) Purple foxglove is a plant containing chemicals that slow the activity of the Ca2+-Na+ antiport. What will ingestion of purple foxglove increase or decrease levels of Na+ in the ICF?Skeletal muscle cell(key terms: striated, contracting proteins, contractions, nucleus location) This feature of the muscle cell helps to do its job becauseLawrence Cherono from Kenya won the 2011 Boston Marathon. He probably has a predominance of in the muscle of his legs. fast twitch fibers fat intermediate twitch fibers slow twitch fibers