How many variables are there?
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Researchers1 asked parents of 19 American children, ages 8 to 12, to complete surveys on the number of hours their children spent reading and on the number of hours they spent on screen-based media time. Each of the children also underwent magnetic resonance imaging to assess connectivity in the brain. More time spent reading was associated with higher connectivity,while more screen time was associated with lower connectivity in the brains of the children.
1. Horowitz-Kraus T and Hutton J, “Brain connectivity in children is increased by the time they spend reading books and decreased by the length of exposure to screen-based media,”
How many variables are there?
3 variables are there
variables is a characteristic or a attribute that varies across all unit
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Identify each of the variables as quantitative or categorical. Also, identify each of the variables as an explanatory variable or a response variable.
by Bartleby Expert- List the sample space of each experiment. Picking a one-digit numberList the sample space of each experiment. Tossing three coinsA researcher was interested in the effect of home schooling on literacy. Thirteen children who were home-schooled and 13 children who attended a public school participated in a study. The children were matched on age, family SES, and IQ as tested with the WISC (Weschler Inteeligence Scale for Children). The researchers were interested in the number of books the children read each year and so they asked them to recall the titles of the books read in the last 12 months. The researchers hypothesized that children who are home-schooled read more than children who attend public school. Interpret the Excel output obtained at the 5% significance level (a = 0.05). What conclusion can the researchers draw? Write the step 5 answer (formal APA format notation and conclusion; round your answer to 2 decimal places). Home School Public School IET t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means 12 Home School Public School 6 1 Mean 10.69 7.23 Variance 27.90 20.69 20 18 Observations 13 13 18 10 Pearson…
- This obstetrician also wanted to determine the impact that three experimental diets had on the birth weights of pregnant mothers. She was also interested if age had an impact on birth weights. She randomly selected 27 pregnant mothers in the first trimester of whom 9 were 20 to 29 years old, 9 were 30 to 39 years old, and 9 were 40 or older. For each age group, she randomly assigned the mothers to one of three diets. After delivery, she measured the birth weight (in grams) of the babies and obtained the data a) What is the blocking variable?This obstetrician also wanted to determine the impact that three experimental diets had on the birth weights of pregnant mothers. She was also interested if age had an impact on birth weights. She randomly selected 27 pregnant mothers in the first trimester of whom 9 were 20 to 29 years old, 9 were 30 to 39 years old, and 9 were 40 or older. For each age group, she randomly assigned the mothers to one of three diets. After delivery, she measured the birth weight (in grams) of the babies and obtained the data a)How many treatments are there? b)What type of design is this? How many replications are there within each cell?A research group is interested in the relationship between the consumption of fatty foods and cholesterol levels in American men between the ages of 25 and 50. The researchers randomly selected 749 medical records of men who suffer from high cholesterol. The researchers recorded if the participant did not eat fatty foods, ate a moderate amount of fatty foods, or ate an excessive amount of fatty foods. They found that men who had high cholesterol tended to eat an excessive amount of fatty foods. a. Identify the population for the study. b. Identify the sample for the study. c. Was this an observational study or a controlled experiment? Explain how you know. d. Assuming the rest of the study was well-designed, use your answers to discuss whether it would be reasonable to conclude that eating fatty foods caused high cholesterol.
- A report by the Gallup Poll stated that on average a woman visits her physician 5.8 times a year. A researcher randomly selects 20 women and obtained onto the data below.A developmental psychologist would like to determine how much fine motor skill improves for children from age 3 to age 4. She takes a random sample of 9 three-year old children and a second sample of 9 four-year old children and measures fine motor skill in each using a manual dexterity test that measures fine motor skill. Higher scores on this test indicate better fine motor skills. Her data are: Three Year Olds: 35, 36, 39, 29, 35, 34, 33, 34, 35 Four Year Olds: 40, 35, 38, 39, 40, 50, 40, 38, 42 Is there a significant difference in the motor skills from age three to four? Test with an α = 0.01. What type of error is possible based on the outcome? Calculate and interpret the effect size. Report the mean motor skill score for each of the samples. On average, which group had the better fine motor skills?The drug X is marketed to help protect against male pattern baldness, and it also may protect against prostate cancer. A large sampleof healthy men over age 60 were randomly assigned to receive either a daily drug X pill or a placebo. The study lasted nine years and the men had annual check-ups and a biopsy at the end of the study. Prostate cancer was found in 815 of 4368 men taking drug X and in 1176 of the 4698 men taking a placebo. What kind of a study is this and what mesure of assocation (rd, rr, or) can be used and why?
- An automobile dealer conducted a test to determine if the time in minutes needed to complete a minor engine tune-up depends on whether a computerized engine analyzer or an electronic analyzer is used. Because tune-up time varies among compact, intermediate, and full-sized cars, the three types of cars were used as blocks in the experiment. The data obtained follow. Analyzer Computerized Electronic Car Compact 51 42 Intermediate 55 43 Full-sized 62 47 Use ? = 0.05 to test for any significant differences. State the null and alternative hypotheses. H0: ?Computerized ≠ ?ElectronicHa: ?Computerized = ?ElectronicH0: ?Computerized = ?Electronic = ?Compact = ?Intermediate = ?Full-sizedHa: Not all the population means are equal. H0: ?Computerized = ?ElectronicHa: ?Computerized ≠ ?ElectronicH0: ?Compact ≠ ?Intermediate ≠ ?Full-sizedHa: ?Compact = ?Intermediate = ?Full-sizedH0: ?Compact = ?Intermediate = ?Full-sizedHa: ?Compact ≠ ?Intermediate ≠ ?Full-sized Find the value of…A study questioned 387 women receiving free bone mineral density screening. The questions focused on past smoking history. Subjects undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and subjects not undergoing HRT, were asked if they had ever been a regular smoker. In the HRT group, 29.3 percent of 220 women stated that they were at some point in their life a regular smoker. In the non–HRT group, 17.3 percent of 106 women responded positively to being at some point in their life a regular smoker. Sixty-one women chose not to answer the question. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference in smoking percentages for the two populations of women represented by the subjects in the study. What is the standard error of the difference in proportions?The article “Developing a Tool to Measure the Factors Influencing Nurses' Enjoyment of Nursing” (L. Wilkes, M. Doull, et al., Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2016:1854–1860) reports that in a sample of 124 nurses, 54 said that a busy workload had a positive effect on their enjoyment of their job. Can you conclude that less than 45% of nurses feel that a busy workload has a positive effect on their enjoyment of their job?
