IBD1, if 20 mg of a drug is ultimately excreted unchanged into urine, the amount of the drug excreted unchanged into urine after 2 half-lives is _____ mg. Round the answer into the nearest integer.
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In IBD1, if 20 mg of a drug is ultimately excreted unchanged into urine, the amount of the drug excreted unchanged into urine after 2 half-lives is _____ mg.
Round the answer into the nearest integer.
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- Please help me with these questions, more than one answer may be correct for each:The above figures are showing the results BMAL1 gene knockout on the GFR and blood aldosterone in a mouse model over a 24-hour period (12h light, 12h dark). ZT stands for Zeitgeber times, which is simply the number of hours since the beginning of the light period in the day. GFR (dashed lines) was tested for a match to the modeled circadian cycle (solid line in top figure), and a p-value < 0.05 indicates a significant match (both control and knockouts were tested against the same modeled circadian cycle). Significant differences between control (black) and knockout (red) mice blood aldosterone are marked with stars. 1) Genes/proteins that one could knockout that would likely have a similar effect include: H ATPase NA/K ATPase PER Anion exchanger Cryptochrome 2) According to the figures above,…Figure 2 shows the results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) from normal individual. The renal threshold for glucose is 10mM. Figure 2. Change in glucose concentration from an OGTT of a normal individual. a) Draw a similar graph to show how glucose concentration changes in an OGTT from an individual with diabetes. (3 marks) b) What are the 3 key differences in the graph you have drawn that make this a diabetic response? (3 marks)Figure 3 shows the results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) from a subject with diabetes. The renal threshold for glucose is 10mM. Figure 3. Change in glucose concentration from an OGTT of a subject with diabetes. a) Draw a similar graph to show how glucose concentration changes for a normal OGTT response.
- A person consumes 100 μg of a tracer chemical. Assume that the person is able to collect all of the tracer in their urine (and therefore measure the amount that has come out of the body), as well as the concentration in the blood, as a function of time (see table). (a) Is a first-order rate constant appropriate for describingthe process of elimination via the kidneys? Justify your answer.(b) Assuming that the answer to a is “yes,” find the rate constant k and the total volume V from these data.Give typed explanation The provider orders a maintenance dose of Magnesium Sulfate 1(g)/(h) to be given using a premixed bag with a concentration of Magnesium Sulfate 4g in 100mL Normal Saline. You will set the pump for a maintenance dose rate of: m(L)/(h)Assume that Ali (same patient in question 1) was prescribed vancomycin 1000 mg every 36 hours. After few days, Steady-state vancomycin concentrations were obtained before and after the fourth dose, and the peak concentration (obtained ½ hour after a 1- hour infusion of vancomycin) was 34 µg/mL while the trough concentration (obtained immediately before dosage administration) was 2.5 pg/mL. Compute a revised vancomycin dose for this patient to provide a steady-state peak concentration of 48 ug/mL and a steady- state trough concentration of 17 pg/mL. a. Estimate new rate constant (Ke) and half-life (t1/2) b. Estimate volume of distribution (Vd) using this equation Cmaxss + Cminss C. Calculate the new dose interval d. Calculate the new dose
- Figure 2 shows the results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) from normal individual. The renal threshold for glucose is 10mM. Figure 2. Change in glucose concentration from an OGTT of a normal individual. a)Draw a similar graph to show how glucose concentration changes in an OGTT from an individual with diabetes. b) What are the 3 key differences in the graph you have drawn that make this a diabetic response?Mr. Jones’ serum creatinine is 1.4 mg/dL at 1 month after discharge. At what point would you consider restarting the ACE inhibitor? Justify the use of ACE inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney disease.A uremic patient has a urine output of 1.8 L/24 h and an average creatinine concentration of 2.2 mg/dL. What is the creatinine clearance? How would you adjust the dose of a drug normally given at 20 mg/kg every 6 hours in this patient (assume the urine creatinine concentration is 0.1 mg/mL and creatinine clearance is 100 mL/min)?
