I) Draw a proper Fischer projection for the following molecule. Assign each stereogenic carbon as either (R) or (S) and determine if the molecule is either a (D) or (L)-sugar, is this aldose or ketose? OH OH OH OH II) a-Draw the proper Haworth form and most stable chair conformation for B-anomer of L-mannopyranose. b- Write the systematic name of this compound III) What are the principal organic products when L-Gulose is treated under the following conditions? Mechanisms are not necessary. a.) Ac₂O, H₂O* b.) MeOH, H₂O* HO- -H HO- -H H- -OH H- -OH CH2OH D-Mannose c.) Br₂/H₂O HO- d.) 1.) NaCN 2.) H₂/Pd 3.) H₂O e.) 1.) NH₂OH 2.) HO-H th -H Ac₂O/Py 3.) CH₂ONa f.) NaBH4/H₂O g.) Tollen's reagent H- -OH но-н LOH L-Gulose

1 Draw D- glucose in a Fischer Projection. 2 Draw alpha-D- glucose and in the Hayworth (ring ) structure. 3 Draw the hydrolysis of maltose- the disaccharide composed of alpha D  glucose molecules.  4 What is the chemical difference between cellulose and amylose  NOTE-  please dont explain too much explain to the point

m) Which pyranose ring (A, B, C, or D) in the tetrasaccharide below is derived from D-altrose? The Fischer projections for the four aldohexoses that make up this tetrasaccharide are shown below. B C D HOH CHO CHO CHO CHO HO+H HTOH Fонно н HOH HOH H-OH H-OH H-+-OH H-TOHHOH HOH H+OH HOHнтон нон CHOH CHOH CHOH CHOH De D-glue Dalose Datrone i NH Į HOH STEP 1 OH, HO- answer 1. Just add arrows and charges for steps 1, 2, and 3 in formation of this enamine з no arrows needed here OH н Н ЮН -OH STEP 3 :ÖH н H STEP 2 на это про за поч

26. This compound is L-glyceraldehyde. Draw a stereochemically correct representation of C-1 and C-2 of D-glucose. CHO | HO—C—H | CH2OH 27. Categorize each of the following as an aldose, a ketose, or neither. 28. Define each in 20 words or less: (a) anomeric carbon; (b) enantiomers; (c) furanose and pyranose; (d) glycoside; (e) aldose and ketose. 29. A) Draw the structure of any aldohexose in the pyranose ring form. B) Draw the structure of the anomer of the aldohexose you drew above. C) How many asymmetric carbons (chiral centers) does each of these structures have? D) How many stereoisomers of the aldohexoses you drew are theoretically possible? 30. A) Define "reducing sugar." (b) Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose (Glc(1 → 2)Fru). Explain why sucrose is not a reducing sugar, even though both glucose and fructose are.

a) Draw Haworth projections of both - and -anomers of D-fructose. Indicate which carbon is the anomeric carbon.b) Sucrose is a disaccharide made up of a molecule of D-fructose and D-glucose. Draw the structure of sucrose clearly indicating the linkage between the two monosaccharides and its biological significance.c) Tollen’s reagent is a very mild oxidizing agent which normally oxidize aldehydes but not ketones. However, both glucose and fructose give positive results with Tollen’s reagent and are classified as reducing sugars. Explain how fructose can also give positive results with Tollen’s reagent (illustrate using structures).

(d) Draw the structure of the expected product when monosaccharide B undergo mutarotation upon dissolving in water in the presence of Tollens reagent (AGNO3, NHẠOH). он OH O. OH OH OH monosaccharide B

a) Which of the following monosaccharides will react with Tollens' reagent? Circle all that apply. СООН CH2OH CH2OH OCH3 но- H- O: OH но H- но—н OH ČH2OH ČH2OH ÓH II III IV V b) Which of the following carbohydrates is sucrose? OH OH OH но OH HO, O. OH "OH HO OH Он HO OH II I HO, HO. Он HO, HO. HO, OH Но Он но. OH HO,, HO, OH HOl HO OH но он III Он HO IV HO но

Answer the following questions. (I narrowed it down to only three subparts)

1. Draw Haworth projections of B-D-arabinofuranose and a-L-mannopyranose. 2. Consider the structure of the disaccharide drawn at right: НО `CH2 В ОН (a) Give the names and D/L designation for the two monosaccharides linked together. H,C-O OHO „OH OH А: НО НО A В: ОН (b) In the structure, circle the anomeric carbon of each saccharide. (c) Is each saccharide present in its a or ß anomer? Specify both A and B (d) Would this disaccharide undergo mutarotation? Why or why not? (e) Would this disaccharide react with Tollens and/or Benedicts reagent? Why or why not? (f) There are two reasons this is very unlikely to be a naturally occurring disaccharide. What about its structure suggests this is true? Give both reasons.

classify the following monosaccharides as aldoses/ketoses, triose/tetrose/pentose/hexose/ L/D enantiomer, and a-/Banomer when applicable.