HYBRID ORBITALS For each molecule or ion listed below: 1) State the hybridization of the central atom. 2) Show the orbital filling of the hybridized state for the central atom. 3) State the number of o and bonds to the central atom. 4) Draw the hybridized molecular orbitals overlaping to form the o and Molecule or Hybridization Hybrid Orbital #o Sigma Bond Drawing ion Filling #元 H₂O₂ HCN N₂0 bonds. Pi Bond Drawing

Specify the electron-pair and molecular geometry for each underlined atom in the following list. Describe the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in each molecule or ion. (a) BBr3 (b) CO2 (c) CH2Cl2 (d) CO32

Aspartame is a compound that is 200 times sweeter than sugar and is used extensively (under the trade name NutraSweet) in diet soft drinks. The skeleton structure of the atoms in aspartame is (a) Complete the Lewis structure and give the number of and bonds in aspartame. (b) What is the hybridization about each carbon atom that forms a double bond with an oxygen atom? (c) What is the hybridization about each nitrogen atom?

Why is the concept of hybridization required in valence bond theory?

Methylcyanoacrylate is the active ingredient in super glues. Its Lewis structure is (a) How many sigma bonds are in the molecule? (b) How many pi bonds are in the molecule? (c) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to nitrogen? (d) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to oxygen? (e) What is the hybridization of the double-bonded oxygen?

• explain the formation of multiple bonds in terms of the overlap of a combination of hybridized and unhybridized atomic orbitals.

Identify the orbitals on each of the atoms that form the bonds in H3CCN. How many bonds and bonds form?

In Chapter 6, we study a group of organic cations called carbocations. Following is the structure of one such carbocation, the tert-butyl cation. (a) How many electrons are in the valence shell of the carbon bearing the positive charge? (b) Using VSEPR, predict the bond angles about this carbon. (c) Given the bond angle you predicted in (b), what hybridization do you predict for this carbon?

Use valence bond theory to describe the bonding in methylamine. CH3NH2.

Give the shape that describes each hybrid orbital set: (a) sp2 (b) sp3d (c) sp (d) sp3d2