1 Matter, Energy, And Measurement 2 Atoms 3 Chemical Bonds 4 Chemical Reactions 5 Gases, Liquids, And Solids 6 Solutions And Colloids 7 Reaction Rates And Chemical Equilibrium 8 Acids And Bases 9 Nuclear Chemistry 10 Organic Chemistry 11 Alkanes 12 Alkenes And Alkynes 13 Benzene And Its Derivatives 14 Alcohols, Ethers, And Thiols 15 Chirality: The Handedness Of Molecules 16 Amines 17 Aldehydes And Ketones 18 Carboxylic Acids 19 Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters, And Amides 20 Carbohydrates 21 Lipids 22 Proteins 23 Enzymes 24 Chemical Communications: Neurotransmitters And Hormones 25 Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, And Heredity 26 Gene Expression And Protein Synthesis 27 Bioenergetics: How The Body Converts Food To Energy 28 Specific Catabolic Pathways: Carbohydrate, Lipid, And Protein Metabolism 29 Biosynthetic Pathways 30 Nutrition 31 Immunochemistry expand_more
3.1 What Do We Need To Know Before We Begin? 3.2 What Is The Octet Rule? 3.3 How Do We Name Anions And Cations? 3.4 What Are The Two Major Types Of Chemical Bonds? 3.5 What Is An Ionic Bond? 3.6 How Do We Name Ionic Compounds? 3.7 What Is A Covalent Bond? 3.8 How Do We Name Binary Covalent Compounds? 3.9 What Is Resonance? 3.10 How Do We Predict Bond Angles In Covalent Molecules? 3.11 How Do We Determine If A Molecule Is Polar? Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 3.17P: 3-17 Answer true or false. (a) The octet rule refers to the chemical bonding patterns of the first... Problem 3.18P: 3-18 How many electrons must each atom gain or lose to acquire an electron configuration identical... Problem 3.19P: 3-19 Show how each chemical change obeys the octet rule. (a) Lithium forms Li+ ( b) Oxygen forms O2- Problem 3.20P: 3-20 Show how each chemical change obeys the octet rule. (a) Hydrogen forms W- (hydride ion) (b)... Problem 3.21P: 3-21 Write the formula for the most stable ion formed by each element. (a) Mg (b) F (c) Al (d)S (e)K... Problem 3.22P: 3-22 Why is Li- not a stable ion? Problem 3.23P: 3-23 Predict which ions are stable: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Problem 3.24P: 3-24 Predict which ions are stable: (a) Br2- (b) C4- (c) Ca+ (d) Ar+ (e) Na+ (f) Cs+ Problem 3.25P: 3-25 Why are carbon and silicon reluctant to form ionic bonds? Problem 3.26P: 3-26 Table 3-2 shows the following ions of copper: Cu+ and Cu2+. Do these violate the octet rule?... Problem 3.27P: 3-27 Answer true or false. (a) For Group lA and Group 2A elements, the name of the ion each forms is... Problem 3.28P: 3-28 Name each polyatomic ion. (a) HCO3- (b) NO2- (c) SO42- (d) HSO4- (e) H2PO4- Problem 3.29P: 3-29 Answer true or false. (a) According to the Lewis model of bonding, atoms bond together in such... Problem 3.30P Problem 3.31P: 3-31 Why does electronegativity generally increase going from left to right across a row of the... Problem 3.32P: 3-32 Judging from their relative positions in the Periodic Table, which element in each pair has the... Problem 3.33P Problem 3.34P: 3-34 Which of these bonds is the most polar? The least polar? (a) CN (b) CC (c) CO Problem 3.35P: 3-35 Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic. (a) CCl (b) CLi (c) CN Problem 3.36P: 3-36 Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic. (a) CBr ( b) SCl (c) CP Problem 3.37P: 3-37 Answer true or false. (a) An ionic bond is formed by the combination of positive and negative... Problem 3.38P: 3-38 Complete the chart by writing formulas for the compounds formed: Br- MnO4- O2- NO3- SO42- PO43-... Problem 3.39P: 3-39 Write a formula for the ionic compound formed from each pair of elements. (a) Sodium and... Problem 3.40P Problem 3.41P: 3-41 Describe the structure of sodium chloride in the solid state. Problem 3.42P: 3-42 What is the charge on each ion in these compounds? (a) CaS (b) MgF2 (c) Cs2O (d) ScCl3 (e)... Problem 3.43P: 3-43 Write the formula for the compound formed from the following pairs of ions: (a) Iron(III) ion... Problem 3.44P: 3-44 Write the formula for the ionic compound formed from the following pairs of ions: (a) Iron(II)... Problem 3.45P: 3-45 Which formulas are not correct? For each that is not correct, write the correct formula. (a)... Problem 3.46P: 3-46 Which formulas are not correct? For each that is not correct, write the correct formula. (a)... Problem 3.47P: 3-47 Answer true or false. (a) The name of a binary ionic compound consists of the name of the... Problem 3.48P: 3-48 Potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate are used as potassium dietary supplements. Write... Problem 3.49P Problem 3.50P: 3-50 Name the polyatomic ion(s) in each compound. (a) Na2SO3 (b) KNO3 (c) Cs2CO3 (d) NH4OH (e)... Problem 3.51P: 3-51 Write the formulas for the ions present in each compound. (a) NaBr (b) FeSO3 (c) Mg3(PO4)2 (d)... Problem 3.52P Problem 3.53P: 3-53 Write formulas for the following ionic compounds: (a) Potassium bromide (b) Calcium oxide (c)... Problem 3.54P: 3-54 Write formulas for the following ionic compounds: (a) Ammonium hydrogen sulfite (b) Magnesium... Problem 3.55P Problem 3.56P: 3-56 How many covalent bonds are normally formed by each element? (a)N ( b)F (c)C (d)Br (e)O Problem 3.57P: 3-57 What is: (a) A single bond? (b) A double bond? (c) A triple bond? Problem 3.58P: 3-58 In Section 2-3B, we saw that there are seven diatomic elements. (a) Draw Lewis structures for... Problem 3.59P Problem 3.60P Problem 3.61P Problem 3.62P Problem 3.63P: 3-63 What is the difference between (a) a bromine atom, (b) a bromine molecule, and (c) a bromide... Problem 3.64P: 3-64 Acetylene (C2H2), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and nitrogen (N2) each contain a triple bond. Draw a... Problem 3.65P Problem 3.66P: 3-66 Why can’t second-row elements have more than eight electrons in their valence shells? That is,... Problem 3.67P: 3-67 Why does nitrogen have three bonds and one unshared pair of electrons in covalent compounds? Problem 3.68P: 3-68 Draw a Lewis structure of a covalent compound in which nitrogen has: (a) Three single bonds and... Problem 3.69P Problem 3.70P: 3-70 Draw a Lewis structure of a covalent compound in which oxygen has: (a) Two single bonds and two... Problem 3.71P Problem 3.72P Problem 3.73P Problem 3.74P: 3-74 Answer true or false. (a) A binary covalent compound contains two kinds of atoms. (b) The two... Problem 3.75P Problem 3.76P Problem 3.77P: 3-77 Ozone, O3, is an unstable blue gas with a characteristic pungent odor. In an ozone molecule,... Problem 3.78P: 3-78 Nitrous oxide, N20, laughing gas, is a colorless, nontoxic, tasteless, and odorless gas. It is... Problem 3.79P: 3-79 Answer true or false. (a) The letters VSEPR stand for valence-shell electron-pair repulsion.... Problem 3.80P Problem 3.81P Problem 3.82P: 3-82 Hydrogen and nitrogen combine in different ratios to form three compounds: NH3 (ammonia),... Problem 3.83P Problem 3.84P Problem 3.85P Problem 3.86P Problem 3.87P: 3-87 Consider the molecule boron trffluoride, BF3. (a) Write a Lewis structure for BF3. (b) Predict... Problem 3.88P Problem 3.89P: 3-89 Is it possible for a molecule to have no polar bonds and yet have a dipole? Explain. Problem 3.90P Problem 3.91P Problem 3.92P Problem 3.93P Problem 3.94P Problem 3.95P Problem 3.96P Problem 3.97P Problem 3.98P Problem 3.99P: 3-99 Knowing what you do about covalent bonding in compounds of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen and... Problem 3.100P Problem 3.101P Problem 3.102P Problem 3.103P Problem 3.104P Problem 3.105P: 3-105 Consider the structure of Vitamin E shown below, which is found most abundantly in wheat germ... Problem 3.106P: 3-106 Consider the structure of Penicillin G shown below, an antibiotic used to treat bacterial... Problem 3.107P: 3-107 Ephedrine, a molecule at one time found in the dietary supplement ephedra, has been linked to... Problem 3.108P Problem 3.109P: 3-109 Until several years ago, the two chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) most widely used as heat transfer... Problem 3.110P: 3-110 Name and write the formula for the fluorine containing compound present in fluoridated tooth... Problem 3.111P Problem 3.112P Problem 3.113P Problem 3.114P Problem 3.115P Problem 3.116P Problem 3.117P Problem 3.118P Problem 3.119P: 3-119 Perchloroethylene, which is a liquid at room temperature, is one of the most widely used... Problem 3.120P: 3-120 Vinyl chloride is the starting material for the production of poly(vinyl chloride),... Problem 3.121P: 3-121 Tetrafluoroethylene is the starting material for the production of poly(tetrafluoroethylene),... Problem 3.122P: 3-122 Some of the following structural formulas are incorrect because they contain one or more atoms... Problem 3.123P: 3-123 Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, has found wide use as a reducing agent in organic chemistry. It is... Problem 3.124P Problem 3.125P Problem 3.126P Problem 3.127P: 3-127 Amoxicillin is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible... Problem 3.128P format_list_bulleted
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