How toxin mechanism causes the result from exposure to the toxin?

Q: Explain why the effects of Botox are short term.

A: Botox is a term given to Botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum and its other species. It…

Q: Give two ways in which viral meningitis usually differs from bacterial meningitis.

A: Step 1 Meningitis – It is a clinical syndrome characterized by inflammation (swelling) of the…

Q: 2. A patient with a long history of regional enteritis has normochromic microcytic anemia.…

A: Regional enteritis : Another term for crohn's disease. Characterized by inflammation and damage to…

Q: what is Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)? What is Covid-19? How is it contracted. What was the…

A: Ans- Upper respiratory infection (also known as common cold) is an infection of upper respiratory…

Q: a. Why do patients who survive tetanus and botulism often have no sequelae? b. How has modern…

A: Tetanus is a nervous system disorder also called as lockjaw, tetanus is a bacterial infection which…

Q: What is the difference between the source and dose of a contaminant?  Is there any correlation…

A: Contamination is the presence or addition of unwanted impurities that infect or spoil a substance,…

Q: What is von Gierke's disease? Explain briefly.

A: Von Gierke's disease is a glycogen storage disorder which occurs due to deficiency of enzyme…

Q: Chemotherapeutic drugs are used for which treatment ?

A: A medicine, medicinal drug, and pharmaceutical drug are drugs that are utilized to cure, diagnose,…

Q: Name the process of removal of amonia.

A: Municipal, industrial and agricultural activities produce ammonia nitrogen into the environment. The…

Q: What is the mechanism underlying the allergic response to an antibiotic?

A: Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial substances that fight bacterial infections in people and…

Q: Which are Systemic Manifestations of Infection?

A: Systemic Manifestations of Infection are ;

Q: What is the etiologicalagent of amebiasis? How is ittransmitted and what are thetypical…

A: The disease causing microorganisms like bacteria, virus, fungus, protozoa, helminths are called…

Q: Define 43-kDa connexin

A: Connexins are structurally associated transmembrane proteins that assemble to create gap junctions…

Q: Why does a person with Hep B at a earlier time and life and recover end up getting cirrhosis, why is…

A: Hepatitis B can lead to chronic liver inflammation.

Q: Define the word poison sting?

A: In the competitive relationship, if one species is more evolved than the other species, the better…

Q: 6) which form of oral medication will be absorbed most quickly? a) Tablets b) Enteric coated tablets…

A: a. Tablets:Tablets are solid forms of medication made from molding active pharmaceutical ingredients…

Q: Explain what pore-forming toxins are. Give an example of one and why this is medically important.

A: Toxins are a metabolic product of the organism that damages the host. It can induce disease in…

Q: Which of these statements about tularemia is false?a) It can be contracted from muskrats and…

A: Answer is c.) Causative organism has growth requirements similar to those of E coli.

Q: What is tuberculosis? How is the disease transmitted? Is there treatment for tuberculosis?

A: Tuberculosis:  A contagious infectious bacterial disease having its main target area as the lungs.…

Q: Discuss the effects of a named toxin on the human body. Please include details of the mechanism of…

A: Toxins are compounds produced by microorganisms and living organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and…

Q: Describe an infection that leads to necrotizing fasciitis. Why is rapid management of this disease…

A: Necrotizing fasciitis is the condition of rapidly progressing inflammatory infection. It generally…

Q: a. In view of the fact that cholera causes the secretion of electrolytesinto the intestine, explain…

A: Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholera and it causes extensive water and electrolyte loss. Electrolytes…

Q: Define pannexins,

A: The cells are the primary unit of life. Based on the number of cells an organism may be unicellular…

Q: Explain the genes responsible for complex diseases such ascleft lip ?

A: A cleft lipoma /congenital defect is a gap or split within the upper lip that happens once…

Q: Where is the gene for diphtheria toxin production located?

A: Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted by Cornyebacterium the pathogenic bacteria ,that causes…

Q: Which statement among A-D is false regarding bacterial toxins? A) O Hemolysins are cell membrane…

A: Toxins refer to poisonous substances that include a class of small molecules and proteins, which are…

Q: For each of the following antibiotics, give the spectrum, primary effect and briefly explain the…

A: Antibiotics are the biochemical compounds mostly obtained from fungi which target prokaryotic cells…

Q: Indicate which types of antibacterial drugs block protein synthesis,and explain how they are used.

A: Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes provide a site for protein synthesis and are composed of…

Q: Describe the mechanism involved in the development of Grave’s disease?

A: Hyperthyroidism is always associated with hypersecretion of thyroid hormones along with numerous…

Q: why alteration of their structure affects the period of onset and the duration of action.

A: Local anesthetics are crucial agents in medical practice, providing temporary loss of sensation in…

Q: Describe the mechanism by which PrP is infectious

A: Prions are unique . They are abnormally folded pathogenic  proteins . They causes Transmissible…

Q: Describe the Clinical Case Applications of Fick’s Law?

A: Diffusion is the net movement of material from an area of high concentration of that substance to an…

Q: Describe how epinephrine promotes the conversionof glycogen to glucose.

A: The peptide or protein hormones such as eicosanoids and epinephrine find their receptor on the…

Q: Where do chemotherapeutic agents come from?

A: Chemo means chemicals and therapeutic means which has therapeutic ( curing ) effects on body.…

Q: Due to what the Bt toxin present in plant tissue as protoxin is converted into active toxin?

A: Pesticide is a chemical constituent which is used to kill the pest like insects which is harmful to…

Q: Describe infection by Clostridium tetani and the effects oftetanus toxin. How does the mode of…

A: C. tetani is a rod-shaped, gram positive, endospore forming bacteria which have rotary flagellum in…

Q: Outline the mechanism of action of diphtherotoxin, botulinum toxin,tetanus toxin, choleragen, and…

A: Bacterial toxins are virulence factors that alter host cell functioning and seize control of…