How toxin mechanism causes the result from exposure to the toxin?

Q: Why are antibacterial medications not effective for treating necrotizing fasciitis?

A: Necrotizing fasciitis or flesh-eating disease is a rare illness but potentially fatal skin infection…

Q: what is Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)? What is Covid-19? How is it contracted. What was the…

A: Ans- Upper respiratory infection (also known as common cold) is an infection of upper respiratory…

Q: What is the difference between the source and dose of a contaminant?  Is there any correlation…

A: Contamination is the presence or addition of unwanted impurities that infect or spoil a substance,…

Q: List the 3 acellular particles that invade cells

A: Acellular particles not made up of cells or divided into cells.

Q: Describe the major anatomical and biochemical barriers to infection?

A: Infection refers to the invasion and multiplication of micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses,…

Q: Name the process of removal of amonia.

A: Municipal, industrial and agricultural activities produce ammonia nitrogen into the environment. The…

Q: What is the mechanism underlying the allergic response to an antibiotic?

A: Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial substances that fight bacterial infections in people and…

Q: Explain the symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ?

A: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus : It is an autoimmune disease. It is an inflammatory disease caused…

Q: List the different lethal toxins and their mechanism.

A: The toxins are small peptide molecules that can cause disease after contact with the receptors or…

Q: Define the word poison sting?

A: In the competitive relationship, if one species is more evolved than the other species, the better…

Q: What is the difference of cytotoxin and enterotoxin of Salmonella typhi?

A: A cytotoxin is defined as “a poison that damages cells”. Cytotoxins can be either chemical or…

Q: Discuss the effects of a named toxin on the human body. Please include details of the mechanism of…

A: Toxins are compounds produced by microorganisms and living organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and…

Q: Explain how the body (including cells, organs, organ systems) is affected by the bacteria Neisseria…

A: The gram-negative bacteria which cause the disease meningitis is called Neisseria meningitides. The…

Q: The main effect of staphylococcal protein A is toa) interfere with phagocytosis.b) enhance the…

A: Answer is b.) enhance the attachment of the Fc portion of antibody to phagocytes.

Q: Define pannexins,

A: The cells are the primary unit of life. Based on the number of cells an organism may be unicellular…

Q: How Virulence Factors Contribute to Tissue Damage?

A: Virulence factors refer to the molecules generated by pathogens such as viruses, fungi, protozoa,…

Q: Where is the gene for diphtheria toxin production located?

A: Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted by Cornyebacterium the pathogenic bacteria ,that causes…

Q: Which of these statements concerning cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is true?a) It is caused by a…

A: Meningitis is the infection of the membranes lining the spinal cord and skull. Cryptococcal…

Q: Indicate which types of antibacterial drugs block protein synthesis,and explain how they are used.

A: Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes provide a site for protein synthesis and are composed of…

Q: What is Salmonella typhi?

A: Organisms are earlier classified into two main categories known as prokaryotes and eukaryotes.…

Q: Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted infection. The organism can be classified in…

A: Microbes may enter the body in a variety of ways and cause infection everywhere, but antigen and…

Q: Describe the mechanism by which PrP is infectious

A: Prions are unique . They are abnormally folded pathogenic  proteins . They causes Transmissible…

Q: Due to what the Bt toxin present in plant tissue as protoxin is converted into active toxin?

A: Pesticide is a chemical constituent which is used to kill the pest like insects which is harmful to…

Q: Describe the  origins and effects of circulating exotoxins and endotoxin.

A: Introduction  Microbes can inhabit wide range of habitat. They can be found in extreme conditions…

Q: What are two reasons microbes will produce toxins?

A: Introduction :- Toxins produced by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungus, protozoa,…

Q: How does someone develop an allergy to an antibiotic such as penicillin?

A: Antibiotic penicillin works well to treat bacterial infections. A material known as peptidoglycan…

Q: Encephalitis a)May show the signs of mumps. b)Usually follows an upper respiratory infection. c)May…

A: Encephalitis is an acute inflammation (swelling) of the brain usually resulting from either a viral…

Q: Describe infection by Clostridium tetani and the effects oftetanus toxin. How does the mode of…

A: C. tetani is a rod-shaped, gram positive, endospore forming bacteria which have rotary flagellum in…

Q: Outline the mechanism of action of diphtherotoxin, botulinum toxin,tetanus toxin, choleragen, and…

A: Bacterial toxins are virulence factors that alter host cell functioning and seize control of…

Q: During gap junction formation, connexons in neighboring cells become tightly connected through…

A: The question is asking about the specific part of the connexin protein that is involved in the…

Q: How long does penicillin take to kill infection?

A: Penicillin is a type of antibiotics and they are used to treat bacterial infections. They kill or…

Q: Which statement is true regarding the benefits of a fever during an infection?

A: Infections cause most fevers. You get a fever because your body is trying to kill the virus or…

Q: Explain about Haemophilus influenzae ?

A: Haemophilus influenzae causes different types of bacterial infections.This bacteria may cause mild…

Q: Explain the relationship between the infection chain and transmission of infection ?

A: All elements of the infection chain must be present for an infection to occur. Transmission is a…

Q: What is the most common portal of entry?   Question 12 options:   a)  food & water   b)  mucous…

A: E. Respiratory aerosols