How much more effective than direct translation is segmented memory address translation?

In what ways is memory address translation with segmentation better than using a direct translation?

What is the main drawback of direct-addressing? Please make your answer concise. What does counting sort mean?

How much more effective than direct translation is segmented memory address translation?

in 8 bit computer system paging is used. how many different virtual memory addresses total? if there are 64 memory address in frame, and page number needs p bits, what is value of p?

What are the two main approaches to hardware multithreading?

What advantages over direct translation can segmented memory address translation offer?

I have this problem from my textbook that I do not understand, despite re-reading the section on segmentation and paging. "The IBM system/370 architecture uses a two-level memory structure and refers to the two levels as segments and pages, although the segmentation approach lacks many of the features described in Chapter 8. For the basic 370 architecture, the page size may be either 2 KB or 4 KB, and the segment size is fixed at either 64 KB or 1 MB. For the 370/XA and 370/ESA architectures, the page size is 4 KB and the segment size is 1 MB. What advantages of segmentation does this scheme lack? What is the benefit of segmentation for the 370?"Can you help me undertand what they are looking for in this explanation?

What advantages over direct translation can segmented memory address translation offer?

Let's double the size of the address field from 32b to 64b.  What's the largest decimal value now?  How might you organize this for readability?