How does the ionization state of amino acids vary with pH?

In what type of intra and intermolecular interactions does a valine within a protein backbone typically participate? How would this variation in Sickle Cell Disease be classified?

Which noncovalent interactions (discussed in Section 8.2) are responsible for the cohesion of lipid molecules? Is the overall strength of these forces weak or strong? Why are lipids incompatible with water?

which intermolecular interaction is being disrupted when a protein is denatured using heavy metals?

What is the difference between partly hydrolyzed and fully hydrolyzed proteins?

In biochemistry, what is definition of buffer , which amino acid can act as buffer? what is buffer pH range?

What is a nonprotein nitrogenous substance?

What are peptides?

Glutamic acid, Leucine, Arginine What is the ionization state at pH 10?

Is the phosphate functional group negatively charged in both a non-cellular and cellular environment?  A better way to phrase the question: does the phosphate group ionize in a cellular environment, or does it simply stay the same?