Q: Do common fungi such as bread mold produce antimicrobial compounds?
A: The fungi are cosmopolitan and are almost found everywhere. There are variety of fungi present…
Q: What is the etiologicalagent of visceralleishmaniasis? How is thedisease transmitted and whatare its…
A: Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan species leishmaniasis donovani and leishmaniasis…
Q: What are the possible sources of Salmonella spp.that cause food infections?
A: The food poisoning caused by the species of this bacterium leads to a very serious form of…
Q: There is an outbreak of enteric fever in a small Community. What is the causative bacteria; and how…
A: Another name of enteric fever is Typhoid fever. This type of fever has the following stages: The…
Q: Is Plasmodium falciparum treatable?
A: Plasmodium falciparum is involved in causing malaria in humans and are single-celled protozoan…
Q: . Explain the role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers. Which populations are most…
A: Helicobacter pylori requires 4 steps to colonize the host stomach: Survival in acidic environment…
Q: In what people would infection with H. capsulatum beespecially serious?
A: Histoplasma capsulatum is a species of dimorphic fungi that causes a lung infection known as…
Q: Which coliform bacteria are the most difficult to distinguish from the Salmonella or Shigella…
A: In humans, Shigella and Salmonella are microorganisms that cause gastroenteritis. Salmonella is the…
Q: Why must the antitoxin be administered in the earliest phases of botulism?
A: BOTULISMBotulism is a disease condition caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. It is an…
Q: What makes Bacillus particularly difficult to kill either by physical or chemical means?
A: Bacillus are aerobic bacteria that are road shaped; they are gram positive and with passing agent…
Q: Besides enterotoxin, does V. cholerae possess an endotoxin? If it does, is the toxin a significant…
A: Cholera is an infection by the bacterium Vibro cholerae, it causes fluid loss from the body in the…
Q: When comparing S. aureus and S. epidermidis, which organism contains more virulence factors? S.…
A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: What makes the Amanita phalloides toxins so harmful that even one cap can kill an adult?
A: Amanita phalloides is a most poisonous mushroom. Every part of mushroom is highly poisonous and…
Q: Streptococcal pathogens belonging to the groups tested also display what other important…
A: Streptococcus belongs to the class bacilli and phylum Firmicutes. Streptococcus species are…
Q: How does Helicobacter pylori cause stomach ulcers?
A: Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori can be defined as a type of bacteria. These germs have the tendency to…
Q: What is the difference of cytotoxin and enterotoxin of Salmonella typhi?
A: A cytotoxin is defined as “a poison that damages cells”. Cytotoxins can be either chemical or…
Q: what is the culture media of salmonella typhi
A: Salmonella typhi is the causative organism of typhoid in human beings. It belongs to the family…
Q: Why might members of Campylobacter not be isolated from a stoolspecimen in a diagnostic laboratory?
A: Efficient Detection of pathogenic organisms ensures the success of laboratory techniques. It is…
Q: What is Salmonella pathogenicity island?
A: Pathogenicity island is a distinct class of genomic island that is acquired by the microorganisms.…
Q: Why are healthy individuals in hospitals not considered to be as much at risk for infections by…
A: Superbugs are the microorganisms which can be Bactria, viruses or fungi, which develop resistance…
Q: How is L. pneumophila usually detected, and whatare the various means of treating legionellosis in…
A: Bacteria are microscopic single-celled prokaryotes that thrive in diverse environmental conditions.…
Q: Why do healthy adults usually not contract Clostridium difficileinfections?
A: Microorganisms are small organism that cannot be seen by naked eyes. Microorganism such as bacteria…
Q: Do you think that all the residential flora of mouth cause dental caries? Explain.
A: The presence of nutrients, epithelial debris, and secretions makes the mouth a favorable habitat for…
Q: What are the characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that makes them resistant to iodophor?
A: Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly occurs in soil and water. These bacterial infections if happen to a…
Q: Why is it only necessary to include the exotoxin (in toxoid form) in vaccines for tetanus and…
A: Exotoxin are the toxins produced by bacteria without cell lysis these toxin causes disease in the…
Q: Why are Staphylococcus species so numerous onskin?
A: Bacteria belong to the prokaryotes and are one of the oldest living organisms on the planet. There…
Q: What pathological changes are associated with the presence of Entamoeba histolytica?
A: Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic anaerobic amoebozoan belonging to the Entamoeba genus. E.…
Q: Explain in how did Candida intermedia contaminate raw milk?
A: Candida is a yeast genus that is responsible for the majority of fungal infections globally.…
Q: what is the media of culturing salmonella typhi?
A: Salmonella typhi Salmonella typhi is a parasitic bacteria that infect blood and intestine of human…
Q: what factors influence the host's susceptibility to dengue
A: Dangerous Components of the DHF consist of Aedes mosquito contamination, heat and humid climate that…
Q: How is the pathogen, shigella spread?
A: Pathogens are organisms that can cause disease or infections after invading the host cells and…
Q: Identify the food sources of Listeria monocytogenesinfections. How does Listeria evade the immune…
A: Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacteria that is capable of causing an infection known as…
Q: What food is a common source of Salmonella infections?
A: The microbes that affect the intestine of an individual are referred to as enteric pathogens. The…
Q: What diseases involve Helicobacter pylori infection?
A: Step 1 Helicobacter pylori infection takes place when H. pylori bacteria infects the human stomach.…
Q: How does Salmonella typhimurium avoid being killed by phagocytes.
A: Salmonella manipulates inflammatory pathways and the autophagy process. Salmonella evades the…
Q: What is the difference between food infection and foodintoxication? Into which category does…
A: Introduction Microbes can inhabit wide range of habitat. They can be found in extreme conditions…
Q: How can we prove the pathological and clinical effects of cholera are caused by the production of…
A: Cholera is an infectious disease that cause severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration…
Q: What is unusual about the organism Pyrolobus fumarii?
A: Microbes are the tiny organisms which are unable to see with the naked eye. Microbes are…
Q: What precautions can be taken to prevent rickettsial infections?
A: Rickettsial diseases and related contaminations, (for example, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and Q…
Q: What are some Important facts about staphylococcus capitis? Why are they significant?
A: Staphylococcus capitis is anaerobic, Gram-positive, spherical bacterium of the Staphylococcaceae…
Q: Why are there fewer clinically effective antifungal andantiparasitic agents than antibacterial…
A: Antifungal agents or medications are the drugs or pharmaceuticals that either kill or inhibit the…
Q: Why are staphylococci well suited for the colonization of skin?
A: Staphylococcus is a gram positive bacteria. Bacteria are microscopic single-celled prokaryotes that…
Q: Which drugs are typically used to treat H. Pylori infection and how should they be used together to…
A: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a kind of bacteria that lead to disease in the stomach. It is the…
Q: What is MRSA, and why is it a health problem?
A: Bacteria, type of biological cell that forms a main group of prokaryotic cells. These are small in…
Q: What is Immunization and how does this controls the spread of the diseas?
A: Immunization It is defined as the process in which an individual is made immune or resistant to an…
Q: On what basis can prions be differentiated from all otherinfectious agents?
A: Infectious agents that can cause disease or infections after invading the host cells and tissues.…
Q: What medical conditions commonly predispose patients to m ycotic infection?
A: Conditions that predispose patients to any of the opportunistic fungal pathogens are as follows:…
Q: What is the normal habitat of Staphylococcus aureus? Howdoes S. aureus spread from person to person?
A: Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive, round-shaped bacterium that is a member of the Firmicutes.…
How does Clostridium Perfringens contribute to the virulence of the pathogens, and give one specific example?
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- What are the virulence factors of Salmonella typhi? Explain each factors in simple terms.How is salmonella typhi transmitted? Include ALL the mechanisms can be transmitted. indirect transmission (airborne, vehicles, vectors – what are the vehicles/vectors?) direct transmission (direct contact – how?) vertical transmission – how? horizontal transmission – how?What is the normal habitat of Staphylococcus aureus? Howdoes S. aureus spread from person to person?
- what is the host response to the infection of clostridium tetani and what is the pathogenesis of this disease.14) When considering virulence factors, which class of virulence factor would be most likely to increase the severity of disease caused by the pathogen possessing the virulence factor, due to this class of virulence factor most likely causing the death of cells? A) extracellular enzymes C) anti-phagocytic factors B) toxins D) adherence factors 15) Which of the following classes of virulence factor is absolutely needed for nearly every infection? In fact, if the organism lacks this factor, it is most likely going to be avirulent (not disease-causing). A) extracellular enzyme B) adherence factor D) anti-phagocytic factor C) exotoxin 16) Which of the following is an iron-binding protein produced by pathogens to access the body's store of iron? A) ferritin B) siderophores C) hemolysin D) transferrin 17) The complement cascade and its by-products contribute to A) attracting phagocytes to sites of infection. B) triggering release of interferons. C) triggering inflammation. D) triggering…What are the mainprophylactic measures againstschistosomiasis?
