Why is it only necessary to include the exotoxin (in toxoid form) in vaccines for tetanus and botulism?

Q: Why should Ghana produce their own vaccine?

A: Ghana is an African country. Its natural resources include Gold mining makes it developing country…

Q: COPD is a common disease, but we shouldn't see it as much as we do.  Can you tell us some of the…

A: COPD stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is a progressive respiratory disease…

Q: For children two doses of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and five does of the…

A: Vaccines are used to induce immunity against a specific pathogen. Vaccine is basically an…

Q: Considering the current situation of the procurement of COVID-19 vaccine, is it safe to be…

A: The process involving the acquirement of products (domestically or internationally) of assured…

Q: Why is MRSA not confined to transmission only in hospitals?

A: MRSA is the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that is a resistant strain of S. aureus. It…

Q: Before development of a vaccine against this microbe, thedisease it caused accounted for two-thirds…

A: Meningitis is disease that causes inflammation of meninges. The meninges are the membrane that…

Q: How can UTI transmission be reduced or prevented?

A: Urinary Tract Infections - UTI is one of the most common infections encountered almost in every age…

Q: y employees are affected by the vaccine mandate? How are work / code of ethics are being affected?

A: benefits to employees: Keeping the workforce healthy by preventing employees from getting…

Q: How does Streptococcus pneumoniae exploit serotypespecific immunity to evade detection?

A: Answer: Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae means is a Gram-positive, extracellular,…

Q: Which of the following is an mRNA vaccine? A. AstraZenica B. Sputnik V C. Janssen D. Covaxin

A: Introduction Vaccines:- It is a biological substance designed to protect humans from infections, it…

Q: What is the most effective type of vaccine and the preferred mode of entry? Why?

A: In the question, it is asked about the most effective type of vaccine and preferred way of entry.…

Q: A microbiologist is working in a clinical laboratory handling samples for the detection of…

A: Biosafety levels are protective measures that are needed while working in a laboratory for the…

Q: What is the interpretation of patient results if there is an elevated level of anti-HAV (IgG) with…

A: Introduction: Hepatitis refers to liver inflammation. The liver is a crucial organ that filters…

Q: What are the most encouraging words and messages to tell a newly diagnosed COVID-positive patient?…

A: According to the World Health Organization, COVID causes depression, loneliness, financial losses,…

Q: If someone told you they knew someone who had typhus, why would you ask them to be more specific,…

A: Vector borne diseases are the infectious diseases that are transmitted by the bite of certain…

Q: Give a brief information about the viruses in the figure below and interpret the figure.

A: Viruses are organisms thought to occur at the borderline between the living and the non-living.…

Q: What major advantage does an oral vaccine have over aparenteral (injected) vaccine for rabies…

A: Vaccines stimulate the antibody-producing B cells to attack the antigen. It aids in the progression…

Q: The emergence of new cases of polio linked to the oral vaccine had been reported in a number of…

A: Yet some immunization efforts deliver the very rare hazard of causing polioviruses to flow into…

Q: Why is it difficult to develop a universal flu vaccine?

A: A universal flu vaccine refers to the type of vaccine that will be functional against all kinds of…

Q: The Gardasil 9 vaccine prevents infection by all types of human papillomaviruses. True or False

A: The given statement is false.Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause sexually transmitted diseases that…

Q: Which of the following statements are true about rubella and the administration of the rubella…

A: Options 2 & 4 are correct.  These options are correct due to; The rubella vaccine should be…

Q: What are the Reasons why we should prioritize giving the Vaccine to Youth and not to Senior…

A: COVID-19 is an infectious disease that is spread by droplet infection and spreads through direct…

Q: Why are emboli dangerous?

A: Introduction Platelets are also referred to as thrombocytes; they are cytoplasmic fragments that…

Q: You currently work in a BLS 2 lab with organisms that are classified as BSL 1 or 2.  Your project…

A: 1). Working with microorganisms not comprehended to infect healthy humans with sickness is…

Q: The world is relieved and excited at the availability of vaccines against COVID-19 pandemic. a)…

A: Vaccine  It is defined as a biological preparation which helps in providing immunity against a…

Q: corresponding

A: Vaccine effectiveness studies have conclusively demonstrated the benefit of covid 19vaccines in…

Q: What will happen if there is a shortage of chemical reagent used to test coronavirus​? How will it…

A: The coronavirus belongs to a vast family of viruses that transmits the virus between the people and…

Q: Injectable products must be endotoxin-free.  true or false?

A: Endotoxin is a type of pyrogen and is component of the exterior cell wall of Gram negative bacteria…

Q: Compare and contrast the virulence factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus…

A: Streptococcal infections more dangerous than staphylococcal infections as the former can cause acute…

Q: Why should we give the COVID vaccine to Youth than Senior Citizens?

A: COVID-19 is a disease that is spread by SARS COVID- 19. It is spread by droplet infection and from…

Q: People in central Asia are still suffering from smallpox in-fections. True or false?

A: Introduction:- The variola virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus family, causes smallpox, an acute…

Q: why do we have to do a western blot confirmatory testing after doing an ELISA screening test for…

A: The human immunodeficiency virus causes the chronic virus infection known as acquired…

Q: Resistance to antimicrobial agents is more commonly seen in hospital-acquired infections with…

A: Bacteria acquire drug resistance and spread within their population. Drug resistance in bacteria…

Q: What is an non pharmaceutical intervention for an flu outbreak in a community? And what questions…

A: Based on limited data, the World Health Organization's recommended pandemic influenza interventions…

Q: 41. A 25-year-old woman has had fever, joint pain and tenderness, and a faint macular rash for 5…

A: Parvovirus:  Parvovirus refers to a family of small, single-stranded DNA viruses that can infect…

Q: A group of researchers wanted to evaluate the effectiveness of mask-wearing, handwashing, social…

A: Epidemiology research is important for understanding the variables that cause the transmission of…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a primary immunodeficiency? 1) SCID 2) Agammaglobulinemia 3) DiGeorge…

A: Immunodeficiency - This term refers to the defects or deficiencies in the immune system of the body.…

Q: how is the varcella vaccine contracted

A: Very slow vaccine also called as chicken pox vaccine is a widely used vaccine all around the World…

Q: Explain why the Salk vaccine is currently recommended over theSabin vaccine in the United States.

A: Vaccination is the process of administration of a vaccine, which helps the immune system develop…

Q: Is meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus hospital-acquired infection? aureus (MRSA) the only major

A: Introduction - Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive, round-shaped bacterium that belongs to the…

Q: Which person has the disease, or do they both?

A: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and…

Q: In a case study, scientists frequently infer that Malignant transformation of hymenolepis nana in…

A: Introduction A person, who has an immunocompromised state has a weakened immune system which makes…

Q: What’s the ingredients of the influenza vaccine

A: A vaccine is a medicine that directs the immune system to generate antibodies in the same way that…