Why is it only necessary to include the exotoxin (in toxoid form) in vaccines for tetanus and botulism?

Q: Why should Ghana produce their own vaccine?

A: Ghana is an African country. Its natural resources include Gold mining makes it developing country…

Q: COPD is a common disease, but we shouldn't see it as much as we do.  Can you tell us some of the…

A: COPD stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is a progressive respiratory disease…

Q: For children two doses of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and five does of the…

A: Vaccines are used to induce immunity against a specific pathogen. Vaccine is basically an…

Q: Considering the current situation of the procurement of COVID-19 vaccine, is it safe to be…

A: The process involving the acquirement of products (domestically or internationally) of assured…

Q: Why is MRSA not confined to transmission only in hospitals?

A: MRSA is the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that is a resistant strain of S. aureus. It…

Q: What is the etymology (origin) of the word "vaccine"?

A: Answer- The "vaccine" word drived from latin Word VACCA mean cow According to World health…

Q: Before development of a vaccine against this microbe, thedisease it caused accounted for two-thirds…

A: Meningitis is disease that causes inflammation of meninges. The meninges are the membrane that…

Q: Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease. Below is a…

A: Vaccines are biological preparation made up of killed, weakened, or inactivated toxins of specific…

Q: How can UTI transmission be reduced or prevented?

A: Urinary Tract Infections - UTI is one of the most common infections encountered almost in every age…

Q: y employees are affected by the vaccine mandate? How are work / code of ethics are being affected?

A: benefits to employees: Keeping the workforce healthy by preventing employees from getting…

Q: How does Streptococcus pneumoniae exploit serotypespecific immunity to evade detection?

A: Answer: Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae means is a Gram-positive, extracellular,…

Q: Which of the following is an mRNA vaccine? A. AstraZenica B. Sputnik V C. Janssen D. Covaxin

A: Introduction Vaccines:- It is a biological substance designed to protect humans from infections, it…

Q: WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVE DRUGS THAT CAN BE USED TO THESE ETIOLOGIC AGENTS GIVEN THAT THE FOLLOWING…

A: Alternative drugs are the drugs which can be used in case of DOC is missing .

Q: What is the most effective type of vaccine and the preferred mode of entry? Why?

A: In the question, it is asked about the most effective type of vaccine and preferred way of entry.…

Q: A microbiologist is working in a clinical laboratory handling samples for the detection of…

A: Biosafety levels are protective measures that are needed while working in a laboratory for the…

Q: What is the interpretation of patient results if there is an elevated level of anti-HAV (IgG) with…

A: Introduction: Hepatitis refers to liver inflammation. The liver is a crucial organ that filters…

Q: What are the most encouraging words and messages to tell a newly diagnosed COVID-positive patient?…

A: According to the World Health Organization, COVID causes depression, loneliness, financial losses,…

Q: Why can bird flu H5N1 infect humans?

A: Bird flu is caused by a special type of influenza virus. It rarely affects humans. But are two…

Q: Give a brief information about the viruses in the figure below and interpret the figure.

A: Viruses are organisms thought to occur at the borderline between the living and the non-living.…

Q: What major advantage does an oral vaccine have over aparenteral (injected) vaccine for rabies…

A: Vaccines stimulate the antibody-producing B cells to attack the antigen. It aids in the progression…

Q: Aside from the school laboratory facilities, How can we apply Aseptic Techniques in the following…

A: Aseptic techniques consist of laboratory procedures or practices that are carried out to get rid of…

Q: The emergence of new cases of polio linked to the oral vaccine had been reported in a number of…

A: Yet some immunization efforts deliver the very rare hazard of causing polioviruses to flow into…

Q: From an epidemiological perspective, why are most arthropod-borne viral diseases hard to control?

A: Arthropods are able to serve as vectors, suggesting that they play a significant role in the…

Q: Why is it difficult to develop a universal flu vaccine?

A: A universal flu vaccine refers to the type of vaccine that will be functional against all kinds of…

Q: The Gardasil 9 vaccine prevents infection by all types of human papillomaviruses. True or False

A: The given statement is false.Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause sexually transmitted diseases that…

Q: Which of the following statements are true about rubella and the administration of the rubella…

A: Options 2 & 4 are correct.  These options are correct due to; The rubella vaccine should be…

Q: What are the Reasons why we should prioritize giving the Vaccine to Youth and not to Senior…

A: COVID-19 is an infectious disease that is spread by droplet infection and spreads through direct…

Q: The world is relieved and excited at the availability of vaccines against COVID-19 pandemic. a)…

A: Vaccine  It is defined as a biological preparation which helps in providing immunity against a…

Q: corresponding

A: Vaccine effectiveness studies have conclusively demonstrated the benefit of covid 19vaccines in…

Q: What will happen if there is a shortage of chemical reagent used to test coronavirus​? How will it…

A: The coronavirus belongs to a vast family of viruses that transmits the virus between the people and…

Q: Injectable products must be endotoxin-free.  true or false?

A: Endotoxin is a type of pyrogen and is component of the exterior cell wall of Gram negative bacteria…

Q: How many times should a child be vaccinated against tetanus?

A: The tetanus vaccine is part of a prescribed series of childhood and adult vaccinations to protect…

Q: Just last week the Energy Department now seems pretty confident that the coronavirus came from a lab…

A: According to the news,  it has been New intelligence has prompted to the Energy Department by new…

Q: Compare and contrast the virulence factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus…

A: Streptococcal infections more dangerous than staphylococcal infections as the former can cause acute…

Q: So would it be HIV/AIDS instead of Agammaglobulinaemia?

A: Flow cytometry is the method to study physical and chemical characteristics of the cells (usually…

Q: Why should we give the COVID vaccine to Youth than Senior Citizens?

A: COVID-19 is a disease that is spread by SARS COVID- 19. It is spread by droplet infection and from…

Q: People in central Asia are still suffering from smallpox in-fections. True or false?

A: Introduction:- The variola virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus family, causes smallpox, an acute…

Q: why do we have to do a western blot confirmatory testing after doing an ELISA screening test for…

A: The human immunodeficiency virus causes the chronic virus infection known as acquired…

Q: Resistance to antimicrobial agents is more commonly seen in hospital-acquired infections with…

A: Bacteria acquire drug resistance and spread within their population. Drug resistance in bacteria…

Q: What is an non pharmaceutical intervention for an flu outbreak in a community? And what questions…

A: Based on limited data, the World Health Organization's recommended pandemic influenza interventions…

Q: How would you safely develop a vaccine for Epidemic Typhus? In other words, how would you safely…

A: A vaccine is produced to offer active acquired immunity against specific pathogenic infections.…

Q: 41. A 25-year-old woman has had fever, joint pain and tenderness, and a faint macular rash for 5…

A: Parvovirus:  Parvovirus refers to a family of small, single-stranded DNA viruses that can infect…

Q: Why Leishmaniasis is called black fever?

A: kala azar [hindi: black + illness] is illness caused by the infection of a parasite called…