How do we actually construct a phylogenetic tree?

What is the last universal common ancestor (LUCA), and what does that mean? What is a phylogenetic event horizon?

Examine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree. Which statements are correctly inferred from this tree? Select all that apply.   A) The mammals are the outgroup in this tree.     B) Birds and dinosaurs share a recent common ancestor.     C) Mammals and birds are more closely related than any other species.     D) Turtles are equally as diverged from lizards and snakes as they are from crocodiles.     E) Lizards and snakes are more recently diverged from each other than they are from crocodiles.

Explain the difference between maximum Parsimony and maximum likelihood, when used in computing phylogenetic trees.