Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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What is the purpose of using an “outgroup” when reconstructing a phylogenetic tree?
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- When constructing phylogenetic trees, what is the purpose of applying maximum parsimony? Parsimony allows the researcher to "root" the tree. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious tree requires the maximum evolutionary events. The outgroup roots the tree, allowing the principle of parsimony to be applied. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious is the one that uses the simplest explanation of evolutionary events.arrow_forwardExplain the difference between maximum Parsimony and maximum likelihood, when used in computing phylogenetic trees.arrow_forwardSketch the generated phylogenetic tree below and color the branches of the generated phylogenetic tree according the the island: 1) Anolis sheplani 2) Anolis cybotes 3) Anolis olssoni 4) Anolis celestinus 5) Anolis occultus 6) Anolis cristatellus 7) Anolis puchellus 8) Anolis evermanni Hispaniola Species - Blue Puerto Rico Species - Red 1) What can you conclude about the relatedness of anole lizards living on these two islands?arrow_forward
- What is a clade?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true regarding vestigial traits? A) They represent transitional character states for example between the presence or absence of a feature. B) They help to support proposed phylogenetic placement. C) They are likely present because there is no fitness cost to their retention or because they are in the process of being removed due to light selective pressure. D) All of the above. E) None of the above.arrow_forwardExplain how phylogenetic trees are interpreted and created. Explain what types of traitsare used and some of the difficulties associated with reconstructing phylogenetichistories.arrow_forward
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