How do the three active sites of ATP synthase respond to the flow of protons?

Q: How many ATPS are generated in one TCA cycle ?

A: The parts of cellular respiration are both Glycolysis and TCA cycle , out of which  Glycolysis is…

Q: What is beta-oxidation? Explain how it results in ATP production.

A: Fatty acids are the building blocks of fat in both our bodies and our diets. Fats are broken down…

Q: What causes the rotation of the γ subunit of the ATP synthase? Howdoes this rotation promote ATP…

A: ATP synthase  complexes are an essential component of the cell that are responsible for the proton…

Q: How many ATP's are formed per molecule of NADH and FADH2? How would a different number of subunits…

A: ATP also called adenosine tri phosphate is the energy currency of the cell and stores energy in the…

Q: How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP by F1F0-ATPase containing (a) 10 or (b) 15 c…

A: ATP synthase is an enzyme required for the synthesis of ATP. It is located in the F1 or head piece…

Q: What is the energy source for the proton pumps of oxidative phosphorylation?

A: Most of the free energy released during the oxidation of glucose to CO2 is retained in the reduced…

Q: How does the flow of protons drive the synthesis of ATP?

A: In the year 1961, Peter Mitchell proposed a hypothesis that electron transport and ATP synthesis are…

Q: How does the location of ATP synthase differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Where do protons…

A: It is a multiprotein complex which consists of F0F1 particles. The flow of protons back into the…

Q: How does ATP change structure in the process of releasing energy?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  ATP  It stands for Adenosine Tri - phosphate. It is the energy currency of the…

Q: Other than the half channels in the C-ring, what other transporters use protons during ATP…

A: Animal cells produce ATP by cellular respiration, whereas plant cells produce carbohydrates through…

Q: How does the “investment phase” of glycolysis effect the net yield of ATP in that pathway?

A: Answer: Introduction: When the foods consumed and digested, glucose molecule into which a…

Q: When muscle cells run out of oxygen, what happens to the potential for energy extraction from sugars…

A: Respiration is the chemical process that supplies the body with energy for all other life processes.…

Q: How many net ATPs are produced in Glycolysis if 7 glucose molecules entered the pathway?

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway in which glucose gets oxidized to two molecules of pyruvate…

Q: What part of Complex V performs ATP synthesis?

A: Electron transport chain is concerned with synthesis of ATP. Electron transport chain is also known…

Q: How does proton-motive force powers ATP synthesis.

A: Proton motive force is the electrochemical potential difference between on different sides of any…

Q: Why does removing a phosphate group from the triphosphate tail in a molecule of ATP release energy?

A: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is made up of an organic molecule (i.e. adenosine) and three phosphate…

Q: How do the roles of ubiquinone and cytochrome c differ from the roles of the other components of the…

A: The electron transport chain is the aerobic respiration last component and is the part of glucose…

Q: How can ADP be recycled again to form ATP?

A: To understand how ADP can by recycled back, we need to first understand how ATP is converted to ADP.…

Q: What is beta-oxidation? Explain how it results in ATPproduction.

A: Fatty acids are considered to be highly efficient in energy production in the body. 50 to 70% of the…

Q: What is the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

A: Respiration is a process found in organisms which helps them make energy using food molecules.

Q: What is the mechanistic basis for the observation that the inhibitors of ATP synthase also lead to…

A: Inhibitors of ATP synthase such as the drug (diarylquinoline) were developed against tuberculosis.…

Q: How many net ATP molecules are produced during the reactions of photosynthesis for each molecule of…

A: The dark reaction or light independent reaction of photosynthesis reduces carbon dioxide to glucose.…

Q: What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced in the electron transport chain from a single…

A: Electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from the electron…

Q: What role do hydrogen ion play in the generation of ATP

A: The electron transport chain is a set of four protein complexes that link redox processes to create…

Q: What is the net ATP produced by glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

A: A metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. The reactants,…

Q: What is the immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP Synthase during oxidative…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of…

Q: What Are the Complex Equilibria Involvedin ATP Hydrolysis?

A: Introduction: The form of energy that a living body intake is adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Q: What is the process by which cells generate ATP through a series of redox (chemical) reactions…

A: ATP synthesis takes place primarily in the mitochondria of eukaryotic species. Cellular respiration…

Q: What is the effect of adding cyanide to the DNOC-stimulated electron-transport chain?

A: The electron transport chain, abbreviated as ETC is a series of transfer of elections from one…

Q: How does DCPIP act as an indicator of presence of mitochondria? Will mitochondria in the presence…

A: DCPIP, or 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, is a redox dye that changes colour following an enzyme…

Q: What is used in the breakdown of ATP into ADP + Pi through hydrolysis?

A: ATP is like a charged battery , while ADP is like ad dead battery .ATP can be hydrolyzed to ADP and…

Q: What causes the c subunits of ATP synthase to rotate? What determines the direction of rotation?

A: As the Y and subunits are initially attached to the C subunit, the rotation of the ankal stalk is…

Q: How does ATP typically transfer energy from one molecule to another molecule in the cell?

A: Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is a hydrotrope and organic compound that gives energy to perform…

Q: What will happen to the proton (H+ions) gradient in the mitochondria if the ATP synthase is blocked?

A: The free energy released during the oxidation of glucose to CO2 is retained in the NADH and FADH2…

Q: During oxidative phosphorylation: H+ are actively transported from __ to __? How does this process…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is also known as electron transport chain (ETC). It occurs in the matrix…

Q: Is ATPase a phosphatase? Both ATPase and phosphatases remove phosphate groups.

A: * ATPase also called 3, Adenosine 5'-TriPhosphatase are a class of enzymes which catalyze the…

Q: How does atp synthase produce atp?

A: An ordinary person's daily schedule is packed with activities such as walking, running, writing,…

Q: Describe the basic structure of the ATP synthase.

A: ATP synthase is an enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic…

Q: How does substrate-level phosphorylation differ from phosphorylation linked to the electron…

A: Substrate level phosphorylation is a Direct Phosphorylation and Phosphorylation linked to the…

Q: How do the ATP mass action ratio and the IF1 protein regulate ATP synthesis?

A: ATP mass action refers to the ration between ATP and ADP+ inorganic phosphate. Usually this ratio…

Q: What role does NADH play? Why is ATP important to the cell?

A: NADH is a coenzyme central to metabolism.  ATP is energy carrying molecule found in the cells of all…

Q: What is true about the ADP/ATP cycle?

A: In the ADP/ATP cycle, one phosphate group of ATP is removed by breaking the phosphoanhydride bond,…

Q: How is cytosolic NADH produced during glycolysis used for energy generation under aerobic…

A: The cellular respiration process in organisms involves many steps that finally lead to the…

Q: What are the catalytic subunits of F1 particle of ATP synthase?

A: Adenosine triphosphate synthase is a protein that catalyses the synthesis of the energy storage…

Q: How many ATP are produced when 2moles of NADH enter the electron transport chain?

A: NADH is the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is a biologically active coenzyme. Nicotinamide is…

Q: What percentage of ATP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation in aerobic respiration?

A: Substrate level phosphorylation: It is the process of direct formation of ATP from ADP and is linked…

Q: Why are ATPases hydrolases? Aren’t they also transferases as they move the phosphate group onto the…

A: Hydrolases: it is a group of enzymes which required the water molecules for the break down of…

Q: Why is ATP hydrolysis is so favorable?

A: INTRODUCTION ATP Adenosine Tri Phosphate this molecule transfer and store energy in cell.

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.