Homologous Vs. Analogous Structures and or Vestigial Identify the following groups of structures as analogous, homologous or vestigial. Files Sacropod Human Opossum These appendages are: Human These appendages are: Tail Backbone. (6 Echidna Whale Bat Pelvis Femur Dove

although polydactyly is a common limb malformation observed in humans and other species, no modern tetrapods have evolved a polydactylous phenotype as their predominant limb structure. Please present one hypothesis that explains this paradox, and describe how it does. (hypothesis should involve discussion of cellular-level processes, gene regulatory mechanisms, limb/digit patterning, and/or digit functions)

Compare the forelimb anatomy of the ancestor (left) to the anatomy of other vertebrate relatives Abbreviate your answers using the first letter of the bone or bone group in the following way: H for humerus, R for radius, U for ulna, C for carpals, M for metacarpals, and P for phalanges.  Animal Bones resembling common ancestor Bones that differ from common ancestor Turtle         Human         Horse       Bird         Bat         Seal