highly talented 22-year-old female college athlete has just qualified to compete in the Summer Olympics. However, when she is required to undergo laboratory testing to measure testosterone levels, she is informed that she will not be permitted to compete because her testosterone levels are “too high for a female athlete”. Further medical and genetic testing reveal that she has a condition known as Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome. She promptly hires an attorney to appeal the decision.   The Olympic Committee maintains that her elevated testosterone levels will give her an unfair advantage over her fellow female athletes. Is this accurate? Please provide scientific support for your answer.

Q: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited disorder in humans that is incompletely dominant.…

A: Alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous…

Q: As Ashley cares for her son, she notices some problems in his development. During one of the baby’s…

A: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle…

Q: Retinoic acid is the main component of Tretinoin, an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug. Retinoic acid is…

A: Introduction :- Teratogens are the chemical compounds or agents which can cause abnormalities in the…

Q: If a male has fragile X syndrome, is his mother or father more likely to be a carrier for the…

A: The genetic disorder Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is characterised by mild-to-moderate intellectual…

Q: Lauren reports that she had a maternal male cousin (through a maternal aunt) and a maternal great…

A: The X-linked disease is the disease inherited from any lethal mutation in genes present on…

Q: The fraternal birth order effect, in which the number of brothers a boy's mother carried before him…

A: Introduction  Birth order refers to the position of a child in a family relative to their siblings.…

Q: A) What is the minimum number of ridge-producing genes possible in one of their children? B) What…

A: Polygenic traits are controlled by two or more genes. Examples of the same are skin color, the…

Q: 10a) A female is exposed to a teratogen during the first and second month of pregnancy - before she…

A: TeratogensThese are defined as the substances, agents, or factors that have the ability to disrupt…

Q: Daniel is an adult with XXY chromosomes. Since puberty, his penis has been unusually small. His…

A: A normal human adult has 46 chromosomes with sets as 44+XY (for male) and 44 + XX (for female). Any…

Q: A woman who is eight (8) weeks pregnant requests a direct test for Huntington’s disease on her…

A: Huntington's disorder is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. It causes the breakdown of the…

Q: A variety of abnormalities in the numbers of sex chromosomes exist because of nondisjunction during…

A:

Q: Mr. and Mrs. Smith, both 40 years of age, are healthy with no knowngenetic conditions. Their newborn…

A: Down syndrome is defined as the condition in which an individual contains an extra chromosome. In…

Q: _____ is a form of 46,XY intersex that affects chromosomal males. It is by far the most common form…

A: The question is asking to identify the condition that affects chromosomal males (46,XY) where the…

Q: Please explain Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (ALS). What is the phenotype of these individuals?…

A: The common etiology of aberrant sexual development, androgen insensitivity syndrome, results in a…

Q: A form of hemophilia is caused by a sex-linked (X-linked) recessive gene. A phenotypically normal…

A: 50 percent chances.

Q: A highly talented 22-year-old female college athlete has just qualified to compete in the Summer…

A: Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome occurs when the body cannot use androgens at all. People…

Q: how can I Identify  the source (mechanism) and types of increased mutations in older mother oocytes…

A: Delayed parenthood has increasingly adverse effects on reproduction. In an older male, sperm quality…

Q: Brown hair is determined by an autosomal dominant allele: “B”. Blond hair is determined by the…

A: Meiosis is a reductionak division. It reduces the chromosome number to halves. The B allele is…

Q: It is estimated that in about 1/150,000 births, an individual is born with 46 chromosomes, both an X…

A: Introduction: Any form of change that occurs in the DNA sequence is referred to as a mutation. A…

Q: It has been suggested that looking for the presence of the SRY gene would be a better way of…

A: SRY Gene - The SRY gene is found on the Y chromosome. The sex-determining region Y protein produced…

Q: What will be the sex of an individual who is easily affected by an X-linked recessive trait? Why?

A: Sex chromosomes carry the genes to determine the gender of an organism.

Q: The following clinical scenario contains (4) choose-between-two options: An 11-year-old boy with a…

A: There are different types of diseases. Diseases may be caused due to infections, mutations,…

Q: As a vegan, Ada was careful to take vitamin B12 supplements but didn't take folic acid supplements…

A: There are various vitamins, out which most important are vitamin B complexes. Folic acid is also one…

Q: What is Down's syndrome? Give its symptoms and cause. Why is it that the chances of having a child…

A: Human genetic disorders are caused by the absence, excess, or abnormal arrangement of one or more…

Q: If a genetic female fetus is exposed to testosterone in utero, would that individual develop a…

A: Men have noticeably more testosterone on average than women, despite the fact that testosterone is…

Q: Which of the following is inheritable?a) An altered gene in spermb) An altered gene in testesc) An…

A: Genetic inheritance is a scientific phenomenon that describes how the characteristics of the parents…

Q: la)Elene worked on a construction site for part of the time that she was pregnant with her daughter,…

A: Lead in the blood of a prenatal mom can cause the baby in the womb to born too early and it also…

Q: How can a female carrier of an X-linked recessive disorder have a daughter who is affected?

A: The transmission of X-linked disorders takes place by passing the defected X chromosome to the…

Q: In chickens, a key gene involved in sex determination has recently been identified. Called DMRT1, it…

A: The Sex-determination system determines the development of characteristics of sexual aspects in…

Q: A particular person is said to be a carrier of a genetic trait. What does this tell you about their…

A: BASIC INFORMATION USED IN GENETICS HETEROZYGOUS - Every gene has two characters one being the…

Q: The genotype of a dwarf mouse is Igf2 Igf2–. What is the genotype of its father who has normal body…

A: Knowing how features are passed down from parents to children requires incorporating knowledge of…

Q: In chickens, a key gene involved in sex determination has recently been identified. Called DMRT1, it…

A: SRY gene in humans is involved in the expression of a protein which is involved in male sexual…

Q: The human male never passes on the gene for haemophilia to his son. Why is it so?

A: Haemophilia is an inherited genetic disorder, which impairs the ability of the body to stop bleeding…

Q: Claire and Azalea were both infected with a virus known to harm prenatal development. Claire was…

A: The viruses are DNA or RNA containing organisms that behave like non-living materials outside of the…

Q: What is the function of polar body formation?

A: A polar body can be described as a cell which is produced as a product of the meiotic division of…

Q: Sharon and Jack's son is diagnosed with G6PD deficiency. If the parents have never had signs or…

A: G6PD deficiency is a hereditary disorder that most often affects males. It happens when the body…

Q: X-linked disorders (like hemophilia) are more likely to affect people of one gender than the other.…

A: Haemophilia is one of the X-linked recessive hereditary genetic diseases, which occur when the gene…

Q: What is the definition implantation?

A: Embryology is a branch of biology that involves the study of the formation and development of an…

Q: Explain why trisomy X is not a lethal condition.

A: A female who has an additional X chromosome at birth is said to have triple X syndrome.  It might be…

Q: Solve the following genetics problem: (1)Assume that you are a lawyer working in a family law and…

A: Gene is a particular segment of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that is responsible for the inheritance…

Q: Explain the difference between X-linked recessive traits and X-linked dominant traits. What are the…

A: Some diseases are inherited genetically. These diseases are either autosomal or sex-linked. Genes of…

Q: How can a female carrier of an X-linked recessive disorder have a daughter who is affected?

A: Recessive inheritance indicates both genes in a pair abnormal to cause disease, with only one…