Answered: Here is an energy diagram for the…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Consider a hypothetical chemical reaction:

→+AB+CD

(In this equation

A, B, C and D

stand for some unknown chemical formulas.)

Here is an energy diagram for the reaction:

Use the energy diagram to answer these questions.

What is the heat of reaction?	kJ/mol
Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic?	Exothermic
Endothermic
Neither
Can you determine the activation energy?	Yes,	it'skJ/mol
No.
Can you determine the activation energy of the reverse reaction?	Yes,	it'skJ/mol
→+CD+AB	No.

$### Energy Diagram for a Chemical Reaction #### Description The diagram shown is an energy profile of a chemical reaction. On the y-axis, the energy is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol). The x-axis represents the reaction coordinate, which tracks the progress of the reaction from reactants to products. #### Key Elements of the Diagram: 1. **Reactants**: - The starting point on the diagram is labeled $ A + B $. - At this point, the energy level is approximately 100 kJ/mol. 2. **Transition State**: - The peak of the diagram represents the transition state, where the energy is the highest. - The energy at this peak is around 400 kJ/mol. 3. **Products**: - The ending point on the diagram is labeled $ C + D $. - The energy level for the products is approximately 150 kJ/mol. #### Explanation: This energy diagram illustrates the energy change that occurs during the reaction from $ A + B $ to $ C + D $. Initially, the reactants $ A + B $ have an energy level of around 100 kJ/mol. As the reaction progresses, the system absorbs energy until it reaches the transition state with an energy of approximately 400 kJ/mol. After this peak, the energy decreases and stabilizes at 150 kJ/mol for the products $ C + D $. This diagram shows that the reaction is **endothermic**, as the products have a higher energy (150 kJ/mol) compared to the reactants (100 kJ/mol). Understanding such energy diagrams is crucial for grasping the concepts of activation energy and the energy profile of chemical reactions.$

Transcribed Image Text:### Energy Diagram for a Chemical Reaction #### Description The diagram shown is an energy profile of a chemical reaction. On the y-axis, the energy is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol). The x-axis represents the reaction coordinate, which tracks the progress of the reaction from reactants to products. #### Key Elements of the Diagram: 1. **Reactants**: - The starting point on the diagram is labeled $ A + B $. - At this point, the energy level is approximately 100 kJ/mol. 2. **Transition State**: - The peak of the diagram represents the transition state, where the energy is the highest. - The energy at this peak is around 400 kJ/mol. 3. **Products**: - The ending point on the diagram is labeled $ C + D $. - The energy level for the products is approximately 150 kJ/mol. #### Explanation: This energy diagram illustrates the energy change that occurs during the reaction from $ A + B $ to $ C + D $. Initially, the reactants $ A + B $ have an energy level of around 100 kJ/mol. As the reaction progresses, the system absorbs energy until it reaches the transition state with an energy of approximately 400 kJ/mol. After this peak, the energy decreases and stabilizes at 150 kJ/mol for the products $ C + D $. This diagram shows that the reaction is **endothermic**, as the products have a higher energy (150 kJ/mol) compared to the reactants (100 kJ/mol). Understanding such energy diagrams is crucial for grasping the concepts of activation energy and the energy profile of chemical reactions.

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