Hedgehog, the signal, does not travel very far to bind to its receptor, Patched, on target cells. Therefore, target cells that are closer to the signaling cell receive a stronger signal. What mode of signaling does this describe? A. Endocrine B. Paracrine/Autocrine C. Synaptic D. Contact-dependent Explain:

Hedgehog, the signal, does not travel very far to bind to its receptor, Patched, on target cells. Therefore, target cells that are closer to the signaling cell receive a stronger signal. What mode of signaling does this describe? A. Endocrine B. Paracrine/Autocrine C. Synaptic D. Contact-dependent Explain:

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter6: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5TYU

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Cells communicate in ways that resemble humancommunication. Decide which of the following forms ofhuman communication are analogous to autocrine, para-crine, endocrine, and synaptic signaling by cells.A. A telephone conversationB. Talking to people at a cocktail partyC. A radio announcementD. Talking to yourself
Which of the following is incorrect about the G protein signaling pathways? a. The binding of the ligand to the receptor activates the G protein b. The G protein-coupled receptors are known as 7TM receptors Oc. They involve the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) Od. The G protein activates a kinase that catalyzes the formation of ATP
Proteases are enzymes that destroy proteins. Application of these enzymes to an intact cell strips the proteins off the cell surface. If a specific signaling molecule is added to cells stripped of surface proteins and the cell still responds, what must be true of the signaling pathway? The receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel. The signaling molecule doesn't need a receptor. The signal can directly activate the second messenger system and does not need to activate the receptor. The receptor for this signal is inside the cell, and the signaling molecule is nonpolar and can diffuse into the cell.
Identify which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a. The docking of ligands to the receptor causes receptor-associated proteins to activate another protein to continue the signaling cascade and one example of this event is the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the EGF receptor . b. Ligands are important to initiate signal Transduction pathway. c. Ligands detach from the cell surface receptor in order to change the conformation of the receptor and initiate the signaling pathway.
Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands that are a. produced by the cell itself. b. secreted by neighboring cells. c. present on the plasma membrane of neighboring cells. d. secreted by distant cells.
Which of the following may occur as a result of cross-talk? (Select ALL correct answers) O A cell may have a stronger response to a ligand than usual A cell may have a weaker response to a ligand than usual A signaling pathway may branch, leading to two responses The ligand may be blocked from activating the receptor 000
Briefly explain how integrin inside-out and outside-in signaling is different structurally and functionally? (hint: explain what happened to ligand binding and conformation)
A cell within organ A expresses a protein that is secreted from the cell and travels through the organism’s blood stream to a cell on a distant organ B. The protein binds to a receptor protein on the cell surface of organ B and activates an intracellular signaling pathway resulting in altered gene expression patterns in the cells. What form of intercellular signaling does this represent? Contact-dependent? Paracrine? Synaptic? Endocrine? Autocrine?
Put the steps of the process of signal transduction in the order they occur (hint - try to decide which signaling pathway this is before working on the order): 1. A conformational change in the signal-receptor complex activates an enzyme. 2. Protein kinases are activated. 3. A signal molecule binds to a receptor. 4. Target proteins are phosphorylated. 5. Second messenger molecules are released. O 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 O 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 O 1, 2, 5, 3, 4 O 3, 1, 5, 2, 4 I
Give an example of contact-dependent signaling. What are some proteins involved?
Describe one way in which endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, and contact-dependent signaling pathways are similar to one another and one way in which they are different from one another.
All cells of a multicellular organism may not respond in the same wayto a particular ligand (signaling molecule) that binds to a cell surfacereceptor. The difference in response may be due toa. the type of receptor for the ligand that the cell expresses.b the affinity of the ligand for the receptor in a given cell type.c. the type of signal transduction pathways that the cell expresses.d. the type of target proteins that the cell expresses.e. all of the above.